Very high energy proton acceleration in Vela-type pulsar wind nebulae.
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| Title: | Very high energy proton acceleration in Vela-type pulsar wind nebulae. |
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| Authors: | Bykov, A.M.1 (AUTHOR) byk@astro.ioffe.ru, Fursov, A.N.1 (AUTHOR) a.n.fursov@mail.ioffe.ru, Levenfish, K.P.1 (AUTHOR) ksen@astro.ioffe.ru, Petrov, A.E.1 (AUTHOR) a.e.petrov@mail.ioffe.ru |
| Source: | Advances in Space Research. Apr2026, Vol. 77 Issue 8, p8406-8418. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Particle acceleration, Nebulae, Cosmic rays, Crab Nebula, X-ray astronomy, Magnetohydrodynamics, Relativistic astrophysics |
| Abstract: | High-quality measurements of cosmic ray (CR) fluxes have revealed a number of features in the spectra of protons, leptons, and nuclei. These can be due to contributions of nearby CR accelerators over the CR sea produced by the galactic supernova remnants. Pulsars, their relativistic winds, and their bright synchrotron nebulae are among the candidate sources of CRs. The structure of two powerful pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) created by the pulsars Crab and Vela is studied with arcsecond resolution by Chandra X-ray Observatory. We constructed a numerical relativistic ideal MHD model of PWNe which reproduces the observed X-ray morphology of the Vela nebula, a prototype of nebulae with a double X-ray torus. The spatial and temporal resolution of the simulated MHD flows with frozen-in magnetic fields allowed us to study the confinement and acceleration of multi-TeV cosmic ray protons in nebulae belonging to the class of double-torus objects. We directly solved the equation of motion for individual CR particles injected from the central part of the PWN and propagating through the simulated MHD flows. It is shown that very high energy protons can be confined within a double-torus nebula and accelerated to sub-PeV energies in its shear flows associated with regular large-scale vortices. The model treats the CR protons as test particles and therefore may be considered as the minimal model of CR acceleration in double-torus type PWNe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 192590043 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Very high energy proton acceleration in Vela-type pulsar wind nebulae. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bykov%2C+A%2EM%2E%22">Bykov, A.M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> byk@astro.ioffe.ru</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fursov%2C+A%2EN%2E%22">Fursov, A.N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> a.n.fursov@mail.ioffe.ru</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Levenfish%2C+K%2EP%2E%22">Levenfish, K.P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ksen@astro.ioffe.ru</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petrov%2C+A%2EE%2E%22">Petrov, A.E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> a.e.petrov@mail.ioffe.ru</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Space+Research%22">Advances in Space Research</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 77 Issue 8, p8406-8418. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+acceleration%22">Particle acceleration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nebulae%22">Nebulae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cosmic+rays%22">Cosmic rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crab+Nebula%22">Crab Nebula</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+astronomy%22">X-ray astronomy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetohydrodynamics%22">Magnetohydrodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Relativistic+astrophysics%22">Relativistic astrophysics</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: High-quality measurements of cosmic ray (CR) fluxes have revealed a number of features in the spectra of protons, leptons, and nuclei. These can be due to contributions of nearby CR accelerators over the CR sea produced by the galactic supernova remnants. Pulsars, their relativistic winds, and their bright synchrotron nebulae are among the candidate sources of CRs. The structure of two powerful pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) created by the pulsars Crab and Vela is studied with arcsecond resolution by Chandra X-ray Observatory. We constructed a numerical relativistic ideal MHD model of PWNe which reproduces the observed X-ray morphology of the Vela nebula, a prototype of nebulae with a double X-ray torus. The spatial and temporal resolution of the simulated MHD flows with frozen-in magnetic fields allowed us to study the confinement and acceleration of multi-TeV cosmic ray protons in nebulae belonging to the class of double-torus objects. We directly solved the equation of motion for individual CR particles injected from the central part of the PWN and propagating through the simulated MHD flows. It is shown that very high energy protons can be confined within a double-torus nebula and accelerated to sub-PeV energies in its shear flows associated with regular large-scale vortices. The model treats the CR protons as test particles and therefore may be considered as the minimal model of CR acceleration in double-torus type PWNe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.046 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 8406 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Particle acceleration Type: general – SubjectFull: Nebulae Type: general – SubjectFull: Cosmic rays Type: general – SubjectFull: Crab Nebula Type: general – SubjectFull: X-ray astronomy Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetohydrodynamics Type: general – SubjectFull: Relativistic astrophysics Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Very high energy proton acceleration in Vela-type pulsar wind nebulae. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bykov, A.M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fursov, A.N. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Levenfish, K.P. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Petrov, A.E. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02731177 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 77 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Advances in Space Research Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
