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SuperTIGER galactic cosmic-ray source abundances for the charge interval [formula omitted].

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Title: SuperTIGER galactic cosmic-ray source abundances for the charge interval [formula omitted].
Authors: Osborn, N.E.1 (AUTHOR) n.osborn@wustl.edu, Walsh, N.E.1 (AUTHOR), Abarr, Q.1 (AUTHOR), Akaike, Y.2,3 (AUTHOR), Binns, W.R.1 (AUTHOR), Bose, R.G.1 (AUTHOR), Brandt, T.J.2 (AUTHOR), Braun, D.L.1 (AUTHOR), Cannady, N.W.2 (AUTHOR), Crabill, R.M.4 (AUTHOR), Dowkontt, P.F.1 (AUTHOR), Fitzsimmons, S.P.2 (AUTHOR), Hams, T.2 (AUTHOR), Israel, M.H.1 (AUTHOR), Krizmanic, J.F.2 (AUTHOR), Labrador, A.W.4 (AUTHOR), Labrador, W.1 (AUTHOR), Lisalda, L.1 (AUTHOR), Mewaldt, R.A.4 (AUTHOR), Mitchell, J.W.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Advances in Space Research. Apr2026, Vol. 77 Issue 8, p8337-8347. 11p.
Subjects: Galactic cosmic rays, Particle acceleration, Interstellar medium, Supernovae, Refractory materials
Abstract: SuperTIGER (Super Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder) is a long-duration balloon-borne instrument designed to directly measure Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), with resolved single element peaks from 10 Ne to 40 Zr. Although the statistics are low for elements heavier than 40 Zr , we report elemental abundances above 40 Zr to 56 Ba from the 55-day long-duration-balloon flight of SuperTIGER during the 2012–2013 austral summer. GCR measurements up to 40 Zr support a source acceleration model where GCR are accelerated by supernovae in OB associations. The supernovae accelerate source material comprised of 80 % interstellar medium and 20 % massive star material. Refractory elements, which more readily condense onto interstellar dust grains, are preferentially accelerated over volatiles. GCR measurements above 40 Zr show a break in this preferential acceleration, indicating an alternative Galactic Cosmic-Ray Source (GCRS) or acceleration model for Z > 40. GCRS abundances are obtained from the leaky-box interstellar transport model. Injection from the source into the GCR appears to follow a charge dependence consistent with their grain sputtering cross sections for both volatile and refractory elements. The extension of GCRS abundances past 40 Zr helps to further constrain source composition and acceleration models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192590055
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: SuperTIGER galactic cosmic-ray source abundances for the charge interval [formula omitted].
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osborn%2C+N%2EE%2E%22">Osborn, N.E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> n.osborn@wustl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Walsh%2C+N%2EE%2E%22">Walsh, N.E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abarr%2C+Q%2E%22">Abarr, Q.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akaike%2C+Y%2E%22">Akaike, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Binns%2C+W%2ER%2E%22">Binns, W.R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bose%2C+R%2EG%2E%22">Bose, R.G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brandt%2C+T%2EJ%2E%22">Brandt, T.J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Braun%2C+D%2EL%2E%22">Braun, D.L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cannady%2C+N%2EW%2E%22">Cannady, N.W.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crabill%2C+R%2EM%2E%22">Crabill, R.M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dowkontt%2C+P%2EF%2E%22">Dowkontt, P.F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fitzsimmons%2C+S%2EP%2E%22">Fitzsimmons, S.P.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hams%2C+T%2E%22">Hams, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Israel%2C+M%2EH%2E%22">Israel, M.H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krizmanic%2C+J%2EF%2E%22">Krizmanic, J.F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Labrador%2C+A%2EW%2E%22">Labrador, A.W.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Labrador%2C+W%2E%22">Labrador, W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lisalda%2C+L%2E%22">Lisalda, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mewaldt%2C+R%2EA%2E%22">Mewaldt, R.A.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mitchell%2C+J%2EW%2E%22">Mitchell, J.W.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Space+Research%22">Advances in Space Research</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 77 Issue 8, p8337-8347. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Galactic+cosmic+rays%22">Galactic cosmic rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+acceleration%22">Particle acceleration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interstellar+medium%22">Interstellar medium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supernovae%22">Supernovae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refractory+materials%22">Refractory materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: SuperTIGER (Super Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder) is a long-duration balloon-borne instrument designed to directly measure Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), with resolved single element peaks from 10 Ne to 40 Zr. Although the statistics are low for elements heavier than 40 Zr , we report elemental abundances above 40 Zr to 56 Ba from the 55-day long-duration-balloon flight of SuperTIGER during the 2012–2013 austral summer. GCR measurements up to 40 Zr support a source acceleration model where GCR are accelerated by supernovae in OB associations. The supernovae accelerate source material comprised of 80 % interstellar medium and 20 % massive star material. Refractory elements, which more readily condense onto interstellar dust grains, are preferentially accelerated over volatiles. GCR measurements above 40 Zr show a break in this preferential acceleration, indicating an alternative Galactic Cosmic-Ray Source (GCRS) or acceleration model for Z > 40. GCRS abundances are obtained from the leaky-box interstellar transport model. Injection from the source into the GCR appears to follow a charge dependence consistent with their grain sputtering cross sections for both volatile and refractory elements. The extension of GCRS abundances past 40 Zr helps to further constrain source composition and acceleration models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.037
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Galactic cosmic rays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particle acceleration
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      – SubjectFull: Interstellar medium
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      – SubjectFull: Supernovae
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      – SubjectFull: Refractory materials
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