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Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Pine, Larch, and Spruce Wood Subjected to Saline Treatment.

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Title: Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Pine, Larch, and Spruce Wood Subjected to Saline Treatment.
Authors: Roman, Kamil1 (AUTHOR), Grzegorzewska, Emilia1,2 (AUTHOR), Leszczyński, Mateusz1 (AUTHOR), Pycka, Seweryn1 (AUTHOR), Hamidi, Negin2 (AUTHOR) negin_hamidi@sggw.edu.pl
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1108. 20p.
Subjects: Salinization, Deformations (Mechanics), Timber, Energy dissipation, Pine, Spruce, Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: Highlights: An energy-based method was applied to characterize tensile deformation of saline-conditioned coniferous wood. Tensile behavior was quantified by measuring total tensile work from stress–strain relationships. Specimens with comparable tensile strength exhibited distinct energy demand and deformation behavior. Saline conditioning influenced deformation mechanisms and energy absorption beyond the effects of strength alone. The proposed approach enables improved assessment of deformation tolerance and failure behavior under variable environmental conditions. Structures made of wood are used extensively in applications that require mechanical reliability under variable environmental conditions. Several softwood species were investigated, including pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), spruce (Picea abies), and larch (Larix decidua). This study investigated the tensile deformation behavior of each species with a special focus on the mechanical energy demand of the tensile process. Samples were conditioned in an aqueous saline medium for defined exposure periods and compared with controls. The energy of deformation was determined from stress–strain relationships of tensile tests under identical loading conditions. Results indicate that saline conditioning alters the tensile response of the examined wood species in a species-dependent way. Tensile strength increased in pine wood after exposure, whereas spruce and larch showed different trends depending on conditioning duration. A wide range of tensile strengths was recorded for all samples, ranging from 5.4 MPa to 102.0 MPa. Controlled saline exposure significantly influences the mechanical behavior of softwood species, as indicated by the findings. Evaluating wood performance under modified environmental conditions, both deformation energy and strength parameters should be considered. The main novelty of this study is the introduction of an energy-based description of tensile deformation, in which the total tensile work is calculated from force–displacement relationships, enabling differentiation of specimens with similar tensile strengths but fundamentally different deformation and failure properties. A practical advantage of the proposed energy-based approach is that it provides additional insight into the deformation tolerance and failure behavior of saline-conditioned wood, thus enabling a more reliable assessment of material performance under unpredictable environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192591541
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Pine, Larch, and Spruce Wood Subjected to Saline Treatment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roman%2C+Kamil%22">Roman, Kamil</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grzegorzewska%2C+Emilia%22">Grzegorzewska, Emilia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leszczyński%2C+Mateusz%22">Leszczyński, Mateusz</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pycka%2C+Seweryn%22">Pycka, Seweryn</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hamidi%2C+Negin%22">Hamidi, Negin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> negin_hamidi@sggw.edu.pl</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1108. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salinization%22">Salinization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deformations+%28Mechanics%29%22">Deformations (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Timber%22">Timber</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+dissipation%22">Energy dissipation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pine%22">Pine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spruce%22">Spruce</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: An energy-based method was applied to characterize tensile deformation of saline-conditioned coniferous wood. Tensile behavior was quantified by measuring total tensile work from stress–strain relationships. Specimens with comparable tensile strength exhibited distinct energy demand and deformation behavior. Saline conditioning influenced deformation mechanisms and energy absorption beyond the effects of strength alone. The proposed approach enables improved assessment of deformation tolerance and failure behavior under variable environmental conditions. Structures made of wood are used extensively in applications that require mechanical reliability under variable environmental conditions. Several softwood species were investigated, including pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), spruce (Picea abies), and larch (Larix decidua). This study investigated the tensile deformation behavior of each species with a special focus on the mechanical energy demand of the tensile process. Samples were conditioned in an aqueous saline medium for defined exposure periods and compared with controls. The energy of deformation was determined from stress–strain relationships of tensile tests under identical loading conditions. Results indicate that saline conditioning alters the tensile response of the examined wood species in a species-dependent way. Tensile strength increased in pine wood after exposure, whereas spruce and larch showed different trends depending on conditioning duration. A wide range of tensile strengths was recorded for all samples, ranging from 5.4 MPa to 102.0 MPa. Controlled saline exposure significantly influences the mechanical behavior of softwood species, as indicated by the findings. Evaluating wood performance under modified environmental conditions, both deformation energy and strength parameters should be considered. The main novelty of this study is the introduction of an energy-based description of tensile deformation, in which the total tensile work is calculated from force–displacement relationships, enabling differentiation of specimens with similar tensile strengths but fundamentally different deformation and failure properties. A practical advantage of the proposed energy-based approach is that it provides additional insight into the deformation tolerance and failure behavior of saline-conditioned wood, thus enabling a more reliable assessment of material performance under unpredictable environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19061108
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 1108
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Salinization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Timber
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy dissipation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spruce
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Pine, Larch, and Spruce Wood Subjected to Saline Treatment.
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            NameFull: Roman, Kamil
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            NameFull: Grzegorzewska, Emilia
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            NameFull: Leszczyński, Mateusz
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            NameFull: Pycka, Seweryn
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            NameFull: Hamidi, Negin
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            – D: 15
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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