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Rheological and Performance Properties of a Bituminous Binder Modified with Date Kernel Powder.

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Title: Rheological and Performance Properties of a Bituminous Binder Modified with Date Kernel Powder.
Authors: İnce, Ceren Beyza1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1120. 21p.
Subjects: Bitumen analysis, Powders, Rheology, Fatigue limit, Pavement design & construction, Biomass chemicals
Abstract: Highlights: 15% DKP significantly improves high-temperature rutting resistance. DKP-modified binders enhance low-temperature cracking resistance. Fatigue life at intermediate temperatures increases with DKP addition. DKP offers a sustainable, low-cost alternative for bitumen modification. Valorization of date kernel waste supports environmentally friendly pavements. This study presents an experimental investigation into the direct use of date kernel powder (DKP) as a biomass-based modifier for bituminous binders, with the aim of evaluating its feasibility as a sustainable binder modifier. DKP was incorporated into a conventional bituminous binder at different contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% by weight of binder), and its physicochemical properties were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The rheological and performance properties of the modified binders were evaluated through conventional tests, aging procedures, rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) testing, and the performance grades (PG) of all binders were determined. The results indicate that DKP addition increases binder stiffness and reduces temperature susceptibility while maintaining acceptable fatigue and low-temperature performance. Performance grading results showed that the high-temperature grade increased from PG 64 to PG 70 and the low-temperature grade improved from PG-22 to PG-34 at a DKP content of 15%. LAS test results indicated that fatigue life was maintained or improved at intermediate temperatures. Among the tested contents, 15% DKP provided the most balanced performance considering performance grade improvement, fatigue behavior, and workability characteristics, while higher contents resulted in increased stiffness. Overall, the findings suggest that DKP is a promising modifier for bituminous binders at the binder level. However, further studies at the mixture and field scale are recommended to confirm the long-term engineering applicability of DKP-modified binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Rheological and Performance Properties of a Bituminous Binder Modified with Date Kernel Powder.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22İnce%2C+Ceren+Beyza%22">İnce, Ceren Beyza</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1120. 21p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bitumen+analysis%22">Bitumen analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Powders%22">Powders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rheology%22">Rheology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+limit%22">Fatigue limit</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pavement+design+%26+construction%22">Pavement design & construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+chemicals%22">Biomass chemicals</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: 15% DKP significantly improves high-temperature rutting resistance. DKP-modified binders enhance low-temperature cracking resistance. Fatigue life at intermediate temperatures increases with DKP addition. DKP offers a sustainable, low-cost alternative for bitumen modification. Valorization of date kernel waste supports environmentally friendly pavements. This study presents an experimental investigation into the direct use of date kernel powder (DKP) as a biomass-based modifier for bituminous binders, with the aim of evaluating its feasibility as a sustainable binder modifier. DKP was incorporated into a conventional bituminous binder at different contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% by weight of binder), and its physicochemical properties were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The rheological and performance properties of the modified binders were evaluated through conventional tests, aging procedures, rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) testing, and the performance grades (PG) of all binders were determined. The results indicate that DKP addition increases binder stiffness and reduces temperature susceptibility while maintaining acceptable fatigue and low-temperature performance. Performance grading results showed that the high-temperature grade increased from PG 64 to PG 70 and the low-temperature grade improved from PG-22 to PG-34 at a DKP content of 15%. LAS test results indicated that fatigue life was maintained or improved at intermediate temperatures. Among the tested contents, 15% DKP provided the most balanced performance considering performance grade improvement, fatigue behavior, and workability characteristics, while higher contents resulted in increased stiffness. Overall, the findings suggest that DKP is a promising modifier for bituminous binders at the binder level. However, further studies at the mixture and field scale are recommended to confirm the long-term engineering applicability of DKP-modified binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19061120
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 1120
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      – SubjectFull: Bitumen analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Powders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rheology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatigue limit
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pavement design & construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass chemicals
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      – TitleFull: Rheological and Performance Properties of a Bituminous Binder Modified with Date Kernel Powder.
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            – D: 15
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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