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Influence of the Inclination Angle of 3D-Printed Inconel Alloy 718 on Its Corrosion Resistance.

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Title: Influence of the Inclination Angle of 3D-Printed Inconel Alloy 718 on Its Corrosion Resistance.
Authors: Iwańczak, Aleksandra1 (AUTHOR), Skibińska, Katarzyna2 (AUTHOR), Żaba, Krzysztof1,3 (AUTHOR), Balcerzak, Maciej1 (AUTHOR), Wojtaszek, Konrad2 (AUTHOR), Kąc, Sławomir3 (AUTHOR), Żabiński, Piotr2 (AUTHOR) zabinski@agh.edu.pl
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1126. 27p.
Subjects: Corrosion resistance, Inconel, Charge transfer kinetics, Direct metal laser sintering, Three-dimensional printing, Angles, Anisotropic crystals
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the synthesis parameters on the corrosion resistance of 3D-printed Inconel 718 components. Samples were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) with different angles of inclination. Corrosion tests were conducted by immersion for 1000 h in a 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution at 20 °C and 45 °C, and by the potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Detailed analysis of changes in morphology, chemical composition, and roughness of 3D prints was performed using scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and optical profilometry. To quantify the dissolution of alloy components during the long-term measurements, the post-corrosion solutions were analyzed using microwave plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrate that inclination angle significantly affects corrosion rate and electrochemical kinetics, with measurable differences in mass loss, Icorr values, and surface degradation morphology observed between orientations. The findings indicate that build orientation governs microstructural anisotropy and surface characteristics, which in turn influence corrosion susceptibility. The novelty of this work lies in the systematic and multi-method evaluation of inclination angle as an independent structural parameter controlling corrosion kinetics in PBF-LB/M-fabricated Inconel 718, providing new insight into structure–corrosion relationships in additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Influence of the Inclination Angle of 3D-Printed Inconel Alloy 718 on Its Corrosion Resistance.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iwańczak%2C+Aleksandra%22">Iwańczak, Aleksandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skibińska%2C+Katarzyna%22">Skibińska, Katarzyna</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Żaba%2C+Krzysztof%22">Żaba, Krzysztof</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balcerzak%2C+Maciej%22">Balcerzak, Maciej</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wojtaszek%2C+Konrad%22">Wojtaszek, Konrad</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kąc%2C+Sławomir%22">Kąc, Sławomir</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Żabiński%2C+Piotr%22">Żabiński, Piotr</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zabinski@agh.edu.pl</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1126. 27p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corrosion+resistance%22">Corrosion resistance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inconel%22">Inconel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Charge+transfer+kinetics%22">Charge transfer kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Direct+metal+laser+sintering%22">Direct metal laser sintering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+printing%22">Three-dimensional printing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Angles%22">Angles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anisotropic+crystals%22">Anisotropic crystals</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the synthesis parameters on the corrosion resistance of 3D-printed Inconel 718 components. Samples were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) with different angles of inclination. Corrosion tests were conducted by immersion for 1000 h in a 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution at 20 °C and 45 °C, and by the potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Detailed analysis of changes in morphology, chemical composition, and roughness of 3D prints was performed using scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and optical profilometry. To quantify the dissolution of alloy components during the long-term measurements, the post-corrosion solutions were analyzed using microwave plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrate that inclination angle significantly affects corrosion rate and electrochemical kinetics, with measurable differences in mass loss, Icorr values, and surface degradation morphology observed between orientations. The findings indicate that build orientation governs microstructural anisotropy and surface characteristics, which in turn influence corrosion susceptibility. The novelty of this work lies in the systematic and multi-method evaluation of inclination angle as an independent structural parameter controlling corrosion kinetics in PBF-LB/M-fabricated Inconel 718, providing new insight into structure–corrosion relationships in additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Charge transfer kinetics
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      – SubjectFull: Direct metal laser sintering
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      – SubjectFull: Angles
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      – SubjectFull: Anisotropic crystals
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      – TitleFull: Influence of the Inclination Angle of 3D-Printed Inconel Alloy 718 on Its Corrosion Resistance.
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              Text: Mar2026
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              Y: 2026
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