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Development and Verification of Crack-Enriched Elements Based on XFEM.

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Title: Development and Verification of Crack-Enriched Elements Based on XFEM.
Authors: Shi, Yanke1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Liming1 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Pengtuan1 (AUTHOR), Huo, Junyi1 (AUTHOR), Shi, Luyang1 (AUTHOR) shiluyang@ncwu.edu.cn
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1219. 17p.
Subjects: Crack propagation, Level set methods, Concrete construction, Structural stability, Finite element method, Simulation software
Abstract: Concrete structures often develop penetrating cracks due to the initiation and propagation of local cracks during service, which may lead to the fracture and failure of the entire structure. The propagation modes and laws of cracks in structural members are closely related to the safety of the overall structure. Conducting research on crack propagation and predicting crack propagation paths for cracked structures can provide technical support for the safety design and reinforcement of structures. Based on the basic framework of the extended finite element method (XFEM), this paper develops a user-defined element (UEL) for ABAQUS using the level set method, and simulates in a two-dimensional space the crack propagation in concrete beam bending tests with the self-developed UEL and the built-in XFEM module of the software. The solution results of the self-developed UEL are consistent in trend with those of the XFEM module, yet the cracks simulated by the XFEM module can only propagate along element boundaries and cannot cross elements, and the accuracy of its results is highly dependent on mesh size. The crack tip simulated by the self-developed UEL can stay inside the element, and the simulated crack propagation paths show a higher degree of agreement with the experimental results. The correctness of the UEL is verified through comparative analysis with the results of the four-point bending tests of concrete beams and the XFEM module of the software. The UEL developed in this paper can effectively predict the crack propagation paths of concrete beams and reveal the multi-crack propagation laws of concrete beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192591652
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Development and Verification of Crack-Enriched Elements Based on XFEM.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Yanke%22">Shi, Yanke</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Liming%22">Chen, Liming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Pengtuan%22">Zhao, Pengtuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huo%2C+Junyi%22">Huo, Junyi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Luyang%22">Shi, Luyang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shiluyang@ncwu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1219. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crack+propagation%22">Crack propagation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Level+set+methods%22">Level set methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Concrete+construction%22">Concrete construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+stability%22">Structural stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+software%22">Simulation software</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Concrete structures often develop penetrating cracks due to the initiation and propagation of local cracks during service, which may lead to the fracture and failure of the entire structure. The propagation modes and laws of cracks in structural members are closely related to the safety of the overall structure. Conducting research on crack propagation and predicting crack propagation paths for cracked structures can provide technical support for the safety design and reinforcement of structures. Based on the basic framework of the extended finite element method (XFEM), this paper develops a user-defined element (UEL) for ABAQUS using the level set method, and simulates in a two-dimensional space the crack propagation in concrete beam bending tests with the self-developed UEL and the built-in XFEM module of the software. The solution results of the self-developed UEL are consistent in trend with those of the XFEM module, yet the cracks simulated by the XFEM module can only propagate along element boundaries and cannot cross elements, and the accuracy of its results is highly dependent on mesh size. The crack tip simulated by the self-developed UEL can stay inside the element, and the simulated crack propagation paths show a higher degree of agreement with the experimental results. The correctness of the UEL is verified through comparative analysis with the results of the four-point bending tests of concrete beams and the XFEM module of the software. The UEL developed in this paper can effectively predict the crack propagation paths of concrete beams and reveal the multi-crack propagation laws of concrete beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19061219
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1219
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Crack propagation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Level set methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Concrete construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Simulation software
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Development and Verification of Crack-Enriched Elements Based on XFEM.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shi, Yanke
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            NameFull: Chen, Liming
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            NameFull: Zhao, Pengtuan
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            NameFull: Huo, Junyi
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            NameFull: Shi, Luyang
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            – D: 15
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 6
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