Mechanical Characterization of Non-degraded Porcine Annulus Fibrosus Material Properties.
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| Title: | Mechanical Characterization of Non-degraded Porcine Annulus Fibrosus Material Properties. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Seifert, Jack1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Maiman, Dennis2 (AUTHOR), Frazer, Lance L.4 (AUTHOR), Shah, Alok2,3 (AUTHOR), Yoganandan, Narayan2,3 (AUTHOR), King, Keith5 (AUTHOR), Sheehy, James B.5 (AUTHOR), Paskoff, Glenn5 (AUTHOR), Bentley, Timothy6 (AUTHOR), Nicolella, Daniel P.4 (AUTHOR), Stemper, Brian D.1,2,3 (AUTHOR) bstemper@mcw.edu |
| Source: | Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Apr2026, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p1099-1107. 9p. |
| Subjects: | Yield stress, Spine, Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Mechanical behavior of materials, Elasticity, Finite element method, Biomechanics |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Porcine cervical spines are commonly used as a surrogate for human lumbar spines due to their similar anatomic and mechanical characteristics. Despite their use in spinal biomechanics research, porcine annulus fibrosus (AF) yield and ultimate properties have not been fully evaluated. This study sought to provide a novel dataset of elastic, yield, and ultimate properties of the porcine AF loaded in the circumferential direction. Methods: AF specimens were dissected from porcine cervical spines (C3/C4-C6/C7) oriented in the circumferential direction. Specimens were uniformly hydrated before being quasi-statically distracted to failure. Linear modulus, yield stress and strain, ultimate stress and strain, and ultimate strain energy density were calculated. Differences between spinal levels, circumferential regions, and radial regions were identified using multifactor ANOVA tests. Results: AF specimens showed a regionally dependent response between outer and inner radial regions, but not between spinal level and circumferential region. The outer region was significantly stronger and stiffer than the inner regions. In both outer and inner tissue, mechanical yield occurred at approximately 80% of their ultimate properties. Conclusion: This study generated a novel dataset of elastic, yield, and ultimate properties of the porcine AF. The data can be used in future research that requires a robust database of healthy, non-degenerated AF mechanical properties, such as the development of future finite-element models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 192618674 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Mechanical Characterization of Non-degraded Porcine Annulus Fibrosus Material Properties. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seifert%2C+Jack%22">Seifert, Jack</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maiman%2C+Dennis%22">Maiman, Dennis</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Frazer%2C+Lance+L%2E%22">Frazer, Lance L.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shah%2C+Alok%22">Shah, Alok</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoganandan%2C+Narayan%22">Yoganandan, Narayan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22King%2C+Keith%22">King, Keith</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sheehy%2C+James+B%2E%22">Sheehy, James B.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paskoff%2C+Glenn%22">Paskoff, Glenn</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bentley%2C+Timothy%22">Bentley, Timothy</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nicolella%2C+Daniel+P%2E%22">Nicolella, Daniel P.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stemper%2C+Brian+D%2E%22">Stemper, Brian D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bstemper@mcw.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering%22">Annals of Biomedical Engineering</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p1099-1107. 9p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Yield+stress%22">Yield stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spine%22">Spine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elasticity%22">Elasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomechanics%22">Biomechanics</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: Porcine cervical spines are commonly used as a surrogate for human lumbar spines due to their similar anatomic and mechanical characteristics. Despite their use in spinal biomechanics research, porcine annulus fibrosus (AF) yield and ultimate properties have not been fully evaluated. This study sought to provide a novel dataset of elastic, yield, and ultimate properties of the porcine AF loaded in the circumferential direction. Methods: AF specimens were dissected from porcine cervical spines (C3/C4-C6/C7) oriented in the circumferential direction. Specimens were uniformly hydrated before being quasi-statically distracted to failure. Linear modulus, yield stress and strain, ultimate stress and strain, and ultimate strain energy density were calculated. Differences between spinal levels, circumferential regions, and radial regions were identified using multifactor ANOVA tests. Results: AF specimens showed a regionally dependent response between outer and inner radial regions, but not between spinal level and circumferential region. The outer region was significantly stronger and stiffer than the inner regions. In both outer and inner tissue, mechanical yield occurred at approximately 80% of their ultimate properties. Conclusion: This study generated a novel dataset of elastic, yield, and ultimate properties of the porcine AF. The data can be used in future research that requires a robust database of healthy, non-degenerated AF mechanical properties, such as the development of future finite-element models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10439-024-03629-3 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 9 StartPage: 1099 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Yield stress Type: general – SubjectFull: Spine Type: general – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Elasticity Type: general – SubjectFull: Finite element method Type: general – SubjectFull: Biomechanics Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Mechanical Characterization of Non-degraded Porcine Annulus Fibrosus Material Properties. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Seifert, Jack – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Maiman, Dennis – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Frazer, Lance L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Shah, Alok – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yoganandan, Narayan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: King, Keith – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sheehy, James B. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Paskoff, Glenn – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bentley, Timothy – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nicolella, Daniel P. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Stemper, Brian D. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00906964 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 54 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Annals of Biomedical Engineering Type: main |
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