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Phase error reduction in ILSF undulators using a genetic algorithm for sorting the magnetic blocks.

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Title: Phase error reduction in ILSF undulators using a genetic algorithm for sorting the magnetic blocks.
Authors: Mohammadpour, Karam1 (AUTHOR), Saeidi, Farhad1,2,3 (AUTHOR) Farhad.saeidi@ipm.ir, Hadad, Mansour3 (AUTHOR), Vosoughi, Naser1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Radiation & Isotopes. Jun2026, Vol. 232, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Genetic algorithms, Mathematica (Computer software), Light intensity, Wiggler magnets, Magnetic devices, Measurement errors, Electron beams
Abstract: The insertion device for the Iranian light source facility (ILSF), a 3 GeV third-generation light source, is in the design and construction phase. Insertion devices incorporate up to several thousand magnetic blocks to generate a sinusoidal magnetic field. The primary sources of limitations in the spectral flux and brilliance are the different remanence magnetizations for each magnet block, which are unavoidable. The magnetic field error affects the phase radiation and path of the electron, as well as other issues. The phase error directly affects the relative intensity of the radiation; thus, the intensity decreases with an increase in the phase error. These magnets must be measured and appropriately sorted to minimize phase errors. This study used genetic algorithms on an ILSF's pure permanent magnet undulator as a sorting technique to minimize phase error. The genetic algorithm was implemented using the Wolfram programming language. The optimal magnetic sorting achieved through a genetic algorithm reduces the phase error to 8.78°, which is an 82.9% decrease compared to a random magnetic block setup (51.41°). As a result, the relative intensity increases to 0.98, representing a 104% rise over the random arrangement (0.48), and the electron beam deviation from the undulator axis drops by 90%, from 81.66 μm to 7.93 μm. • A custom Genetic Algorithm (GA) was developed in the Wolfram Mathematica environment to optimize the arrangement of magnet blocks in a Pure Permanent Magnet (PPM) undulator for ILSF, using RADIA simulations. • Relative radiation intensity at the first harmonic increased by 104% due to phase error reduction. • The electron beam trajectory deviation from the undulator axis decreased by 90% (from 81.66 μm to 7.93 μm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Radiation & Isotopes is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192620480
AccessLevel: 6
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  Data: Phase error reduction in ILSF undulators using a genetic algorithm for sorting the magnetic blocks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+algorithms%22">Genetic algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematica+%28Computer+software%29%22">Mathematica (Computer software)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+intensity%22">Light intensity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wiggler+magnets%22">Wiggler magnets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+devices%22">Magnetic devices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement+errors%22">Measurement errors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+beams%22">Electron beams</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The insertion device for the Iranian light source facility (ILSF), a 3 GeV third-generation light source, is in the design and construction phase. Insertion devices incorporate up to several thousand magnetic blocks to generate a sinusoidal magnetic field. The primary sources of limitations in the spectral flux and brilliance are the different remanence magnetizations for each magnet block, which are unavoidable. The magnetic field error affects the phase radiation and path of the electron, as well as other issues. The phase error directly affects the relative intensity of the radiation; thus, the intensity decreases with an increase in the phase error. These magnets must be measured and appropriately sorted to minimize phase errors. This study used genetic algorithms on an ILSF's pure permanent magnet undulator as a sorting technique to minimize phase error. The genetic algorithm was implemented using the Wolfram programming language. The optimal magnetic sorting achieved through a genetic algorithm reduces the phase error to 8.78°, which is an 82.9% decrease compared to a random magnetic block setup (51.41°). As a result, the relative intensity increases to 0.98, representing a 104% rise over the random arrangement (0.48), and the electron beam deviation from the undulator axis drops by 90%, from 81.66 μm to 7.93 μm. • A custom Genetic Algorithm (GA) was developed in the Wolfram Mathematica environment to optimize the arrangement of magnet blocks in a Pure Permanent Magnet (PPM) undulator for ILSF, using RADIA simulations. • Relative radiation intensity at the first harmonic increased by 104% due to phase error reduction. • The electron beam trajectory deviation from the undulator axis decreased by 90% (from 81.66 μm to 7.93 μm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Radiation & Isotopes is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112534
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Genetic algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematica (Computer software)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Light intensity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wiggler magnets
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic devices
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measurement errors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electron beams
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Phase error reduction in ILSF undulators using a genetic algorithm for sorting the magnetic blocks.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Mohammadpour, Karam
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            NameFull: Saeidi, Farhad
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            NameFull: Hadad, Mansour
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            NameFull: Vosoughi, Naser
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 09698043
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              Value: 232
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            – TitleFull: Applied Radiation & Isotopes
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