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The Formation of Surface Nanoparticles Enhances the Vacuum Carburizing Efficiency of 20CrMnTi Steel.

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Title: The Formation of Surface Nanoparticles Enhances the Vacuum Carburizing Efficiency of 20CrMnTi Steel.
Authors: Li, Fangpo1 (AUTHOR) lifangpo@163.com, Wang, Jianjun1,2 (AUTHOR), Han, Lihong1 (AUTHOR), Lu, Caihong1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Zhuocheng2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Mar2026, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p305. 12p.
Subjects: Nanoparticles, Carburization, Low alloy steel, Diffusion kinetics, Grain refinement, Hardness, Carbides
Abstract: This work investigates the effect of pre-nitriding treatment before vacuum carburizing on the carburizing efficiency of 20CrMnTi steel. The results show that pre-nitrocarburizing significantly enhances the vacuum carburizing efficiency of 20CrMnTi steel, refines the microstructure of the carburized layer's martensite, and promotes the precipitation of carbides. At the same carburized layer depth, the hardness and carbon content of the pre-nitrocarburized samples are significantly higher than those of the samples without pre-nitriding. Specifically, the effective hardening depth and surface hardness increase by approximately 0.15 mm and 75 HV, respectively. These improvements are attributed to the formation of loose and porous nanoscale nitride particles on the surface during the pre-nitrocarburizing process, which significantly increases the surface roughness and porosity. This surface morphology facilitates the adsorption and inward diffusion of carbon atoms during the carburizing process. This study provides some inspiration for pretreatment techniques to improve the efficiency of vacuum carburizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Formation of Surface Nanoparticles Enhances the Vacuum Carburizing Efficiency of 20CrMnTi Steel.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Fangpo%22">Li, Fangpo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> lifangpo@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jianjun%22">Wang, Jianjun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Han%2C+Lihong%22">Han, Lihong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Caihong%22">Lu, Caihong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhuocheng%22">Li, Zhuocheng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p305. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carburization%22">Carburization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Low+alloy+steel%22">Low alloy steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diffusion+kinetics%22">Diffusion kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grain+refinement%22">Grain refinement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hardness%22">Hardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbides%22">Carbides</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This work investigates the effect of pre-nitriding treatment before vacuum carburizing on the carburizing efficiency of 20CrMnTi steel. The results show that pre-nitrocarburizing significantly enhances the vacuum carburizing efficiency of 20CrMnTi steel, refines the microstructure of the carburized layer's martensite, and promotes the precipitation of carbides. At the same carburized layer depth, the hardness and carbon content of the pre-nitrocarburized samples are significantly higher than those of the samples without pre-nitriding. Specifically, the effective hardening depth and surface hardness increase by approximately 0.15 mm and 75 HV, respectively. These improvements are attributed to the formation of loose and porous nanoscale nitride particles on the surface during the pre-nitrocarburizing process, which significantly increases the surface roughness and porosity. This surface morphology facilitates the adsorption and inward diffusion of carbon atoms during the carburizing process. This study provides some inspiration for pretreatment techniques to improve the efficiency of vacuum carburizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano16050305
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 305
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carburization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Low alloy steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diffusion kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grain refinement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hardness
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      – SubjectFull: Carbides
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      – TitleFull: The Formation of Surface Nanoparticles Enhances the Vacuum Carburizing Efficiency of 20CrMnTi Steel.
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            NameFull: Li, Fangpo
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            NameFull: Wang, Jianjun
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            NameFull: Han, Lihong
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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