A Microwave-Assisted, Rapidly Self-Healing, FFF-Printed TPU and Its Application in Supercritical Foaming.

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Title: A Microwave-Assisted, Rapidly Self-Healing, FFF-Printed TPU and Its Application in Supercritical Foaming.
Authors: Chen, Shaoyun1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Rui1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Longhui3,4 (AUTHOR), Gao, Jianhong1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Cai, Cuifang1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Weng, Zixiang2,4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xiaoying1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Qu, Bo1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jianlei4 (AUTHOR), Zhuo, Dongxian1,2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Mar2026, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p384. 15p.
Subjects: Self-healing materials, Fused deposition modeling, Interfacial bonding, Supercritical carbon dioxide, Three-dimensional printing, Carbon nanotubes, Polyurethane elastomers
Abstract: To mitigate the interlayer defects and weak interfacial adhesion inherent in FFF-printed parts, thereby facilitating subsequent supercritical foaming applications, a microwave-assisted interlayer healing strategy is developed for FFF-printed, supercritical CO2-foamed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by incorporating aminated helical multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AS-MWCNTs). Owing to their unique helical morphology, AS-MWCNTs exhibit enhanced microwave absorption and localized heating capability, enabling selective thermal activation at interlayer regions within the foamed architecture. Microwave irradiation induces localized softening of the TPU matrix and promotes polymer chain mobility and interdiffusion across layer interfaces, while preserving the cellular morphology and bulk foamed structure. By optimizing AS-MWCNT loading, substantial improvements in interlayer bonding strength, energy absorption, and overall mechanical performance are achieved. This work provides an effective strategy to restore interlayer integrity in supercritical CO2-foamed, additive manufactured elastomers and offers insights into the design of microwave-responsive, self-healing cellular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A Microwave-Assisted, Rapidly Self-Healing, FFF-Printed TPU and Its Application in Supercritical Foaming.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Shaoyun%22">Chen, Shaoyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Rui%22">Wang, Rui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Longhui%22">Zheng, Longhui</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Jianhong%22">Gao, Jianhong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Cuifang%22">Cai, Cuifang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weng%2C+Zixiang%22">Weng, Zixiang</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Xiaoying%22">Liu, Xiaoying</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qu%2C+Bo%22">Qu, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jianlei%22">Wang, Jianlei</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhuo%2C+Dongxian%22">Zhuo, Dongxian</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p384. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-healing+materials%22">Self-healing materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fused+deposition+modeling%22">Fused deposition modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfacial+bonding%22">Interfacial bonding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supercritical+carbon+dioxide%22">Supercritical carbon dioxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+printing%22">Three-dimensional printing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+nanotubes%22">Carbon nanotubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyurethane+elastomers%22">Polyurethane elastomers</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To mitigate the interlayer defects and weak interfacial adhesion inherent in FFF-printed parts, thereby facilitating subsequent supercritical foaming applications, a microwave-assisted interlayer healing strategy is developed for FFF-printed, supercritical CO2-foamed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by incorporating aminated helical multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AS-MWCNTs). Owing to their unique helical morphology, AS-MWCNTs exhibit enhanced microwave absorption and localized heating capability, enabling selective thermal activation at interlayer regions within the foamed architecture. Microwave irradiation induces localized softening of the TPU matrix and promotes polymer chain mobility and interdiffusion across layer interfaces, while preserving the cellular morphology and bulk foamed structure. By optimizing AS-MWCNT loading, substantial improvements in interlayer bonding strength, energy absorption, and overall mechanical performance are achieved. This work provides an effective strategy to restore interlayer integrity in supercritical CO2-foamed, additive manufactured elastomers and offers insights into the design of microwave-responsive, self-healing cellular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16060384
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 384
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Self-healing materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fused deposition modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interfacial bonding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supercritical carbon dioxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional printing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyurethane elastomers
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A Microwave-Assisted, Rapidly Self-Healing, FFF-Printed TPU and Its Application in Supercritical Foaming.
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
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