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Carbothermic reduction of hot rolling sludge by rice husk char with microwave heating.

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Title: Carbothermic reduction of hot rolling sludge by rice husk char with microwave heating.
Authors: Tokunaga, Tsubasa1 (AUTHOR), Kon, Tatsuya1 (AUTHOR), Tanaka, Kotaro2 (AUTHOR), Ohno, Ko-ichiro1 (AUTHOR) ohno.ko-ichiro.084@m.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Source: Metallurgical Research & Technology. 2026, Vol. 123 Issue 2, p1-6. 6p.
Subjects: Microwave heating, Chemical reduction, Iron silicates, Ferric oxide, Plant biomass, Industrial wastes, Rice hulls, Iron ores
Abstract: The scale generated in the hot rolling process is a high-grade iron source. Fine scales are separated in a thickener and discharged as sludge in a slurry state, which makes them difficult to use. This study focused on sludge recycling through carbothermic reduction using microwave heating. Microwave heating occurs when an object absorbs microwaves. Compared with conductive heat transfer, microwave heating allows for internal heating, which makes it effective for heating fine powders with low thermal conductivity. To achieve carbon neutrality, the carbothermic reduction behavior was investigated using biomass-derived carbon. For the experiments, industrial sludge, rice husk char as biomass and reagent-grade graphite were used. The sludge had a composition of T. Fe = 64.1 wt.% and FeO = 36.2 wt.%. The biomass was obtained by pyrolyzing rice husks at 500 °C, containing 43.2 wt.% carbon with 47.7% SiO2 as the main impurity. The biomass or graphite and sludge were mixed in a molar ratio the carbon and oxygen content in the sludge matched C/O = 1. Microwave heating was carried out with 2.45 GHz multimode irradiation with magnetron under a nitrogen atmosphere. The total heating time was 20 min, with a maximum output intensity of 1050 W. The samples were heated from room temperature to 1200 °C and then maintained at this temperature. After heating, the formation of metallic iron was confirmed in both samples. During microwave heating, the sample using biomass took longer to stabilize at 1200 °C compared with graphite. It seems due to the SiO2 in the biomass not absorbing microwaves. SEM-EDS analysis of the reduced samples confirmed the presence of metallic iron and residual FeO in both samples. Additionally, in the biomass sample, a large amount of silicate slag containing iron oxides was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Metallurgical Research & Technology is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Carbothermic reduction of hot rolling sludge by rice husk char with microwave heating.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tokunaga%2C+Tsubasa%22">Tokunaga, Tsubasa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kon%2C+Tatsuya%22">Kon, Tatsuya</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tanaka%2C+Kotaro%22">Tanaka, Kotaro</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ohno%2C+Ko-ichiro%22">Ohno, Ko-ichiro</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ohno.ko-ichiro.084@m.kyushu-u.ac.jp</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Metallurgical+Research+%26+Technology%22">Metallurgical Research & Technology</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 123 Issue 2, p1-6. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microwave+heating%22">Microwave heating</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+reduction%22">Chemical reduction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Iron+silicates%22">Iron silicates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ferric+oxide%22">Ferric oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+biomass%22">Plant biomass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+wastes%22">Industrial wastes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rice+hulls%22">Rice hulls</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Iron+ores%22">Iron ores</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The scale generated in the hot rolling process is a high-grade iron source. Fine scales are separated in a thickener and discharged as sludge in a slurry state, which makes them difficult to use. This study focused on sludge recycling through carbothermic reduction using microwave heating. Microwave heating occurs when an object absorbs microwaves. Compared with conductive heat transfer, microwave heating allows for internal heating, which makes it effective for heating fine powders with low thermal conductivity. To achieve carbon neutrality, the carbothermic reduction behavior was investigated using biomass-derived carbon. For the experiments, industrial sludge, rice husk char as biomass and reagent-grade graphite were used. The sludge had a composition of T. Fe = 64.1 wt.% and FeO = 36.2 wt.%. The biomass was obtained by pyrolyzing rice husks at 500 °C, containing 43.2 wt.% carbon with 47.7% SiO2 as the main impurity. The biomass or graphite and sludge were mixed in a molar ratio the carbon and oxygen content in the sludge matched C/O = 1. Microwave heating was carried out with 2.45 GHz multimode irradiation with magnetron under a nitrogen atmosphere. The total heating time was 20 min, with a maximum output intensity of 1050 W. The samples were heated from room temperature to 1200 °C and then maintained at this temperature. After heating, the formation of metallic iron was confirmed in both samples. During microwave heating, the sample using biomass took longer to stabilize at 1200 °C compared with graphite. It seems due to the SiO2 in the biomass not absorbing microwaves. SEM-EDS analysis of the reduced samples confirmed the presence of metallic iron and residual FeO in both samples. Additionally, in the biomass sample, a large amount of silicate slag containing iron oxides was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Metallurgical Research & Technology is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1051/metal/2026014
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Microwave heating
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical reduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Iron silicates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ferric oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant biomass
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial wastes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rice hulls
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Iron ores
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Carbothermic reduction of hot rolling sludge by rice husk char with microwave heating.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tokunaga, Tsubasa
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            NameFull: Kon, Tatsuya
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Tanaka, Kotaro
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ohno, Ko-ichiro
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 123
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            – TitleFull: Metallurgical Research & Technology
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