Dependence of Simulations of Upper Atmospheric Microwave Sounding Channels on Magnetic Field Parameters and Zeeman Splitting Absorption Coefficients.
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| Title: | Dependence of Simulations of Upper Atmospheric Microwave Sounding Channels on Magnetic Field Parameters and Zeeman Splitting Absorption Coefficients. |
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| Authors: | Dong, Changjiao1 (AUTHOR), Weng, Fuzhong2,3 (AUTHOR) wengfz@cma.gov.cn, Turner, Emma3,4 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. Mar2026, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p766. 23p. |
| Subjects: | Geomagnetism, Zeeman effect, Data assimilation, Upper atmosphere, Microwave remote sensing, Radiative transfer |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? The microwave radiative transfer model can capture subtle variations of magnetic field parameters. Updating oxygen parameters and Zeeman splitting coefficients in the microwave LBL model can improve oxygen absorption line simulation accuracy. What are the implications of the main findings? Observed magnetic field parameters, particularly capable of reflecting magnetic field sudden change information, should be widely utilized in upper atmospheric microwave radiative transfer simulations and applications. Accurate modeling of the fine-structure of oxygen absorption lines enhances spectral analysis effectiveness, contributing to advancements in microwave sounder channel parameter design, data assimilation, and retrieval. The upper atmospheric microwave sounding channels data are important for atmospheric data assimilation and retrieval. However, radiative transfer simulation accuracy is constrained by the precise characterization of the Zeeman splitting effect. This study investigates key influencing factors in upper-atmospheric microwave radiance simulations, focusing on the geomagnetic field parameters and the Zeeman splitting absorption coefficients. A three-dimensional (3D) atmosphere-magnetic coupling dataset is constructed using the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) version 2.0 Level 2A atmospheric profiles and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13) as input for the microwave Line-by-Line (LBL) model. Observations from Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) channels 19 and 20 are used to quantitatively compare the effects of 2D and 3D geomagnetic fields on simulations and evaluate the impact of updated Zeeman splitting coefficients. Quantitative analysis reveals that the average vertical attenuation rate of geomagnetic field strength between 50 and 0.001 hPa is 2.98%, and using 3D magnetic field parameters improves the observation and simulation bias (O-B) for SSMIS channels 19 and 20 by approximately 3.67% and 3.52%, respectively. The updated microwave LBL model, incorporating molecular self-spin interactions and higher-order Zeeman effects, reduces the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the SSMIS channel 20 by approximately 2.7% and 2.25%, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the 7+ line within a 2 MHz frequency shift is sensitive to moderate magnetic field strength (0.35–0.55 Gauss), while the 1− line is sensitive to strong magnetic fields (0.5–0.7 Gauss). This study demonstrates that optimizing geomagnetic field representation and Zeeman splitting coefficients can improve upper atmospheric microwave radiance simulation accuracy by detailed comparison with observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Dependence of Simulations of Upper Atmospheric Microwave Sounding Channels on Magnetic Field Parameters and Zeeman Splitting Absorption Coefficients. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Changjiao%22">Dong, Changjiao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weng%2C+Fuzhong%22">Weng, Fuzhong</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wengfz@cma.gov.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turner%2C+Emma%22">Turner, Emma</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p766. 23p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geomagnetism%22">Geomagnetism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zeeman+effect%22">Zeeman effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+assimilation%22">Data assimilation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Upper+atmosphere%22">Upper atmosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microwave+remote+sensing%22">Microwave remote sensing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiative+transfer%22">Radiative transfer</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? The microwave radiative transfer model can capture subtle variations of magnetic field parameters. Updating oxygen parameters and Zeeman splitting coefficients in the microwave LBL model can improve oxygen absorption line simulation accuracy. What are the implications of the main findings? Observed magnetic field parameters, particularly capable of reflecting magnetic field sudden change information, should be widely utilized in upper atmospheric microwave radiative transfer simulations and applications. Accurate modeling of the fine-structure of oxygen absorption lines enhances spectral analysis effectiveness, contributing to advancements in microwave sounder channel parameter design, data assimilation, and retrieval. The upper atmospheric microwave sounding channels data are important for atmospheric data assimilation and retrieval. However, radiative transfer simulation accuracy is constrained by the precise characterization of the Zeeman splitting effect. This study investigates key influencing factors in upper-atmospheric microwave radiance simulations, focusing on the geomagnetic field parameters and the Zeeman splitting absorption coefficients. A three-dimensional (3D) atmosphere-magnetic coupling dataset is constructed using the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) version 2.0 Level 2A atmospheric profiles and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13) as input for the microwave Line-by-Line (LBL) model. Observations from Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) channels 19 and 20 are used to quantitatively compare the effects of 2D and 3D geomagnetic fields on simulations and evaluate the impact of updated Zeeman splitting coefficients. Quantitative analysis reveals that the average vertical attenuation rate of geomagnetic field strength between 50 and 0.001 hPa is 2.98%, and using 3D magnetic field parameters improves the observation and simulation bias (O-B) for SSMIS channels 19 and 20 by approximately 3.67% and 3.52%, respectively. The updated microwave LBL model, incorporating molecular self-spin interactions and higher-order Zeeman effects, reduces the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the SSMIS channel 20 by approximately 2.7% and 2.25%, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the 7+ line within a 2 MHz frequency shift is sensitive to moderate magnetic field strength (0.35–0.55 Gauss), while the 1− line is sensitive to strong magnetic fields (0.5–0.7 Gauss). This study demonstrates that optimizing geomagnetic field representation and Zeeman splitting coefficients can improve upper atmospheric microwave radiance simulation accuracy by detailed comparison with observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/rs18050766 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 23 StartPage: 766 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Geomagnetism Type: general – SubjectFull: Zeeman effect Type: general – SubjectFull: Data assimilation Type: general – SubjectFull: Upper atmosphere Type: general – SubjectFull: Microwave remote sensing Type: general – SubjectFull: Radiative transfer Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Dependence of Simulations of Upper Atmospheric Microwave Sounding Channels on Magnetic Field Parameters and Zeeman Splitting Absorption Coefficients. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dong, Changjiao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Weng, Fuzhong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Turner, Emma IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20724292 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 5 Titles: – TitleFull: Remote Sensing Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
