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Improvement of Flame Retardancy on Polyamide 6 Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes.

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Title: Improvement of Flame Retardancy on Polyamide 6 Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes.
Authors: Shi, Xuejun1 (AUTHOR), Du, Xiangxiang1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Xiaodong2,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Meiying1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Quanshuai2 (AUTHOR), Hong, Bo2,3 (AUTHOR), Han, Yongjun1,3 (AUTHOR), Sun, Haoxuan1 (AUTHOR), Yuan, Wei3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Mar2026, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p643. 14p.
Subjects: Carbon nanotubes, Fireproofing agents, Surface reactions, Surface preparation, Thermogravimetry, Polymeric composites, Fire resistant polymers
Abstract: Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a widely employed additive-type flame retardant for polyamide 6. Generally, a higher loading of MPP leads to improved flame retardancy of polyamide 6 composites. Nevertheless, excessive addition tends to cause problems such as flame-retardant migration, leakage, and exudation. Against this background, this work focuses on covalently grafting melamine polyphosphate onto the surface of carbon nanotubes via a facile chemical reaction, with the aim of alleviating the migration and leakage of the flame retardant in the polyamide 6 matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were surface modified with a silane coupling agent (KH560) to obtain CNTs bearing epoxy groups (CNT-KH560). Subsequently, a ring-opening addition reaction was conducted between the CNT-KH560 and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) yielding carbon nanotubes with surface-bonded flame-retardant MPP (CNTM). Polyamide 6 composite slices (PA6/CNTM) were prepared via twin-screw extrusion blending and compounding and then by hot-press molding into test specimens. The modified carbon nanotubes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirmed the successful grafting of MPP onto the carbon nanotube surface, with a grafting degree of 9.1 g/100 g measured. The flame retardancy of the PA6/CNTM composites were evaluated through UL 94 vertical burning and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests and cone calorimeter. These flame retardancy results indicated that when the content of flame-retardant-modified carbon nanotubes was 10 wt%, the PA6/CNTM10 composites achieved UL 94 V-2 and the limiting oxygen index increased from 24.5% of pure PA6 to 29.1%. The PHRR value of pure PA6 decreased from 750 kW/m2 to 614 kW/m2. This design of surface-grafted flame retardant provides a new strategy for the preparation and application of high-performance polyamide 6 flame-retardant composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Improvement of Flame Retardancy on Polyamide 6 Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p643. 14p.
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a widely employed additive-type flame retardant for polyamide 6. Generally, a higher loading of MPP leads to improved flame retardancy of polyamide 6 composites. Nevertheless, excessive addition tends to cause problems such as flame-retardant migration, leakage, and exudation. Against this background, this work focuses on covalently grafting melamine polyphosphate onto the surface of carbon nanotubes via a facile chemical reaction, with the aim of alleviating the migration and leakage of the flame retardant in the polyamide 6 matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were surface modified with a silane coupling agent (KH560) to obtain CNTs bearing epoxy groups (CNT-KH560). Subsequently, a ring-opening addition reaction was conducted between the CNT-KH560 and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) yielding carbon nanotubes with surface-bonded flame-retardant MPP (CNTM). Polyamide 6 composite slices (PA6/CNTM) were prepared via twin-screw extrusion blending and compounding and then by hot-press molding into test specimens. The modified carbon nanotubes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirmed the successful grafting of MPP onto the carbon nanotube surface, with a grafting degree of 9.1 g/100 g measured. The flame retardancy of the PA6/CNTM composites were evaluated through UL 94 vertical burning and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests and cone calorimeter. These flame retardancy results indicated that when the content of flame-retardant-modified carbon nanotubes was 10 wt%, the PA6/CNTM10 composites achieved UL 94 V-2 and the limiting oxygen index increased from 24.5% of pure PA6 to 29.1%. The PHRR value of pure PA6 decreased from 750 kW/m2 to 614 kW/m2. This design of surface-grafted flame retardant provides a new strategy for the preparation and application of high-performance polyamide 6 flame-retardant composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18050643
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 643
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fireproofing agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface reactions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface preparation
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      – SubjectFull: Thermogravimetry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymeric composites
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      – SubjectFull: Fire resistant polymers
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Improvement of Flame Retardancy on Polyamide 6 Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes.
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
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              Y: 2026
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