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Anisotropic Extrudate Swell from a Slit Die: A Velocity-Centre Hypothesis and Numerical Verification.

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Title: Anisotropic Extrudate Swell from a Slit Die: A Velocity-Centre Hypothesis and Numerical Verification.
Authors: Zhang, Guangdong1 (AUTHOR) gdzhang@ycit.edu.cn, Hao, Xinyu1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Linzhen1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Mar2026, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p652. 14p.
Subjects: Extrusion process, Viscoelasticity, Numerical analysis, Computational fluid dynamics, Fluid flow, Polymers
Abstract: While anisotropic extrudate swell in polymer processing is fundamentally driven by physical viscoelastic recovery, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to explicitly isolate and map the purely geometric and kinematic components of this phenomenon. Serving as a mathematical proof-of-concept, a multi-velocity-centre hypothesis is proposed. By introducing a semi-empirical, lumped material-flow calibration parameter, the macroscopic diameter swell ratio is mathematically extended to the discrete local flow field of a rectangular slit die. To evaluate its validity, the analytical framework is subjected to a numerical test for kinematic consistency utilizing isothermal, inelastic power-law fluid CFD simulations, thereby separating geometric mapping from complex viscoelastic stress relaxation. Results indicate that analytical predictions show good agreement with CFD data (error < 5%) strictly within the core zone of high-aspect-ratio dies. However, due to the infinite-slit assumption, 3D flow kinematics near die edges induce velocity decay, leading to local deviations that require future empirical corrections. Although comprehensive physical extrusion experiments and non-isothermal viscoelastic coupling are required for industrial deployment, this semi-empirical kinematic mapping provides a foundational mathematical basis that could potentially inform future inverse die-profile design and shape distortion compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Anisotropic Extrudate Swell from a Slit Die: A Velocity-Centre Hypothesis and Numerical Verification.
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  Data: While anisotropic extrudate swell in polymer processing is fundamentally driven by physical viscoelastic recovery, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to explicitly isolate and map the purely geometric and kinematic components of this phenomenon. Serving as a mathematical proof-of-concept, a multi-velocity-centre hypothesis is proposed. By introducing a semi-empirical, lumped material-flow calibration parameter, the macroscopic diameter swell ratio is mathematically extended to the discrete local flow field of a rectangular slit die. To evaluate its validity, the analytical framework is subjected to a numerical test for kinematic consistency utilizing isothermal, inelastic power-law fluid CFD simulations, thereby separating geometric mapping from complex viscoelastic stress relaxation. Results indicate that analytical predictions show good agreement with CFD data (error &lt; 5%) strictly within the core zone of high-aspect-ratio dies. However, due to the infinite-slit assumption, 3D flow kinematics near die edges induce velocity decay, leading to local deviations that require future empirical corrections. Although comprehensive physical extrusion experiments and non-isothermal viscoelastic coupling are required for industrial deployment, this semi-empirical kinematic mapping provides a foundational mathematical basis that could potentially inform future inverse die-profile design and shape distortion compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18050652
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Viscoelasticity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computational fluid dynamics
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      – SubjectFull: Fluid flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymers
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Anisotropic Extrudate Swell from a Slit Die: A Velocity-Centre Hypothesis and Numerical Verification.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Zhang, Guangdong
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            NameFull: Hao, Xinyu
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            NameFull: Zhou, Linzhen
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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