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Evolutionary history of delayed plumage maturation in manakins (Aves: Pipridae).

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Title: Evolutionary history of delayed plumage maturation in manakins (Aves: Pipridae).
Authors: Taylor, Liam U1 (AUTHOR), Prum, Richard Owen1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Evolution. Apr2026, Vol. 80 Issue 4, p823-837. 15p.
Subjects: Phylogeny, Macroevolution, Baby birds, Polymorphism (Zoology), Homology (Biology), Feathers
Abstract: Avian plumage maturation involves replacing feathers, via discrete molts, until reaching an iteratively-regenerated definitive plumage. In most birds, this process takes about one year. In the Neotropical lekking manakins (Pipridae), males of most species exhibit delayed plumage maturation (DPM), passing through drab predefinitive plumages for up to three years before reaching a sexually dichromatic, definitive plumage. We used a phylogenetic analysis to investigate the evolutionary history of DPM in manakins. Our unique dataset represents the developmental schedules of individual, colorful plumage patches. We found a single origin of one-year DPM, in which young males spend a year in a drab female plumage. Subsequently, there were three origins of two-year DPM, all of which featured the evolution of an intermediate plumage with colorful patches that distinguish young males from both females and older males. One species evolved three-year DPM by passing through ancestral plumage stages more slowly, and two lineages have secondarily evolved sexual monochromatism by paedomorphic retention of female plumage. By detailing this complex developmental evolutionary history, we show how the iterative regeneration of bird plumages creates multiple distinct levels of ontogenetic homologies and provides new insights into the macroevolution of social signals in young birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Evolution is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evolutionary history of delayed plumage maturation in manakins (Aves: Pipridae).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Evolution%22">Evolution</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 80 Issue 4, p823-837. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phylogeny%22">Phylogeny</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Macroevolution%22">Macroevolution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Baby+birds%22">Baby birds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymorphism+%28Zoology%29%22">Polymorphism (Zoology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Homology+%28Biology%29%22">Homology (Biology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feathers%22">Feathers</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Avian plumage maturation involves replacing feathers, via discrete molts, until reaching an iteratively-regenerated definitive plumage. In most birds, this process takes about one year. In the Neotropical lekking manakins (Pipridae), males of most species exhibit delayed plumage maturation (DPM), passing through drab predefinitive plumages for up to three years before reaching a sexually dichromatic, definitive plumage. We used a phylogenetic analysis to investigate the evolutionary history of DPM in manakins. Our unique dataset represents the developmental schedules of individual, colorful plumage patches. We found a single origin of one-year DPM, in which young males spend a year in a drab female plumage. Subsequently, there were three origins of two-year DPM, all of which featured the evolution of an intermediate plumage with colorful patches that distinguish young males from both females and older males. One species evolved three-year DPM by passing through ancestral plumage stages more slowly, and two lineages have secondarily evolved sexual monochromatism by paedomorphic retention of female plumage. By detailing this complex developmental evolutionary history, we show how the iterative regeneration of bird plumages creates multiple distinct levels of ontogenetic homologies and provides new insights into the macroevolution of social signals in young birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Evolution is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/evolut/qpag010
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Phylogeny
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Macroevolution
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      – SubjectFull: Baby birds
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      – SubjectFull: Polymorphism (Zoology)
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      – SubjectFull: Homology (Biology)
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      – SubjectFull: Feathers
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      – TitleFull: Evolutionary history of delayed plumage maturation in manakins (Aves: Pipridae).
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              Text: Apr2026
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              Y: 2026
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