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HSRKO: A Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach for RSSI‐Based Node Localization in 3D Wireless Sensor Networks.

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Title: HSRKO: A Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach for RSSI‐Based Node Localization in 3D Wireless Sensor Networks.
Authors: Raghuvanshi, Akash1 (AUTHOR) akash.raghuvanshi@gmail.com, Kumar, Awadhesh1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Communication Systems. 5/10/2026, Vol. 39 Issue 7, p1-21. 21p.
Subjects: Wireless localization, Metaheuristic algorithms, Wireless sensor networks, Heuristic, Energy consumption
Abstract: Various localization technologies have been studied for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in three‐dimensional topology. Despite this, the development of new localization algorithms to improve the accuracy of node positioning and the sophistication of existing technologies remains a significant research problem. The hybrid sandpiper red kite optimization (HSRKO) framework combines hierarchical ranking strategies with stochastic optimization to address the challenges posed by dynamic and uncertain environments in WSNs. In this paper, an advanced heuristic, the HSRKO algorithm, is developed to tune the parameters of the distance estimation technique. An objective function for minimizing the average localization error is formulated by optimizing the positions of unknown nodes using distances computed from RSSI. The experimental simulation is conducted to compare the developed and conventional models, demonstrating that the presented model is more effective. Simulation results indicate that HSRKO consistently achieves lower average localization errors and up to 100% localization efficiency under controlled noise conditions and sufficient anchor density. Thus, it was confirmed that the proposed HSRKO algorithm improves localization accuracy while demonstrating favorable energy consumption characteristics under identical simulation conditions. The algorithm exhibits robust performance across various network topologies and deployment scenarios, including irregular three‐dimensional terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Communication Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: HSRKO: A Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach for RSSI‐Based Node Localization in 3D Wireless Sensor Networks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raghuvanshi%2C+Akash%22">Raghuvanshi, Akash</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> akash.raghuvanshi@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Awadhesh%22">Kumar, Awadhesh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Communication+Systems%22">International Journal of Communication Systems</searchLink>. 5/10/2026, Vol. 39 Issue 7, p1-21. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wireless+localization%22">Wireless localization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metaheuristic+algorithms%22">Metaheuristic algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wireless+sensor+networks%22">Wireless sensor networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heuristic%22">Heuristic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Various localization technologies have been studied for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in three‐dimensional topology. Despite this, the development of new localization algorithms to improve the accuracy of node positioning and the sophistication of existing technologies remains a significant research problem. The hybrid sandpiper red kite optimization (HSRKO) framework combines hierarchical ranking strategies with stochastic optimization to address the challenges posed by dynamic and uncertain environments in WSNs. In this paper, an advanced heuristic, the HSRKO algorithm, is developed to tune the parameters of the distance estimation technique. An objective function for minimizing the average localization error is formulated by optimizing the positions of unknown nodes using distances computed from RSSI. The experimental simulation is conducted to compare the developed and conventional models, demonstrating that the presented model is more effective. Simulation results indicate that HSRKO consistently achieves lower average localization errors and up to 100% localization efficiency under controlled noise conditions and sufficient anchor density. Thus, it was confirmed that the proposed HSRKO algorithm improves localization accuracy while demonstrating favorable energy consumption characteristics under identical simulation conditions. The algorithm exhibits robust performance across various network topologies and deployment scenarios, including irregular three‐dimensional terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Communication Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/dac.70464
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
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      – SubjectFull: Wireless localization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metaheuristic algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wireless sensor networks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heuristic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
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      – TitleFull: HSRKO: A Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach for RSSI‐Based Node Localization in 3D Wireless Sensor Networks.
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              Text: 5/10/2026
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              Y: 2026
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