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Design and Experimental Validation of a Low‐Cost Waveguide Circulator for S‐Band Systems.

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Title: Design and Experimental Validation of a Low‐Cost Waveguide Circulator for S‐Band Systems.
Authors: Trejo León, Alejandro1 (AUTHOR) atrejol@ipn.mx, Martínez Zúñiga, Fabiola1 (AUTHOR), Sosa Pedroza, Jorge Roberto1 (AUTHOR), Gas, Piotr1 (AUTHOR) piotr.gas@agh.edu.pl
Source: International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. 4/11/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-6. 6p.
Subjects: Radio frequency, Ferrites, Microwave devices, Model validation, Design, Insertion loss (Telecommunication)
Abstract: This article presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of a three‐port S‐band waveguide circulator with nonstandard dimensions, implemented using commercially available aluminum tubes with internal dimensions close to WR‐284. The device incorporates two Y‐Gd ferrite disks polarized by permanent magnets and coaxial‐to‐waveguide probe‐type transitions with rear short‐circuit tuning. The transitions achieve |S11 | <−10 dB between 2.6 and 3.95 GHz, whereas the complete circulator assembly provides, at 3.1 GHz, |S11 | <−20 dB, an insertion loss of less than 1.8 dB, and an isolation between 17 and 30 dB. Continuous wave measurements at 10 W confirm stable operation at average power. The proposed approach demonstrates that nonstandard, low‐cost waveguide structures can achieve performance comparable with conventional WR‐284 circulators, offering a compact and cost‐effective alternative for S‐band RF systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192938995
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Design and Experimental Validation of a Low‐Cost Waveguide Circulator for S‐Band Systems.
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This article presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of a three‐port S‐band waveguide circulator with nonstandard dimensions, implemented using commercially available aluminum tubes with internal dimensions close to WR‐284. The device incorporates two Y‐Gd ferrite disks polarized by permanent magnets and coaxial‐to‐waveguide probe‐type transitions with rear short‐circuit tuning. The transitions achieve |S11 | &lt;−10 dB between 2.6 and 3.95 GHz, whereas the complete circulator assembly provides, at 3.1 GHz, |S11 | &lt;−20 dB, an insertion loss of less than 1.8 dB, and an isolation between 17 and 30 dB. Continuous wave measurements at 10 W confirm stable operation at average power. The proposed approach demonstrates that nonstandard, low‐cost waveguide structures can achieve performance comparable with conventional WR‐284 circulators, offering a compact and cost‐effective alternative for S‐band RF systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of International Journal of RF &amp; Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1155/mmce/5319510
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 6
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Radio frequency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ferrites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microwave devices
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Model validation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Insertion loss (Telecommunication)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Design and Experimental Validation of a Low‐Cost Waveguide Circulator for S‐Band Systems.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Trejo León, Alejandro
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            NameFull: Martínez Zúñiga, Fabiola
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            NameFull: Sosa Pedroza, Jorge Roberto
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            NameFull: Gas, Piotr
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            – D: 11
              M: 04
              Text: 4/11/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 2026
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering
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