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Influence of Prosthetic Substrate, Cement, and Opaquer Liner on Color Matching of Translucent Zirconia- and Lithium-Based Ceramics.

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Title: Influence of Prosthetic Substrate, Cement, and Opaquer Liner on Color Matching of Translucent Zirconia- and Lithium-Based Ceramics.
Authors: Dejak, Beata1 (AUTHOR) beata.dejak@umed.lodz.pl, Konieczny, Bartłomiej2 (AUTHOR), Szczesio-Wlodarczyk, Agata1,2 (AUTHOR), Stopa, Wioleta2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1451. 16p.
Subjects: Ceramic materials, Cement, Light transmission, Analysis of colors, Lithium silicates, Opacity (Optics), Optical properties
Abstract: Highlights: Optical properties of translucent zirconia- and lithium-based ceramics were evaluated. The translucency of the tested ceramics was as follows: LDS >> ZLS > zirconia ceramics. The use of an opaque liner reduced the translucency of the ceramics but did not mask the metal substrate. Transparent or colored luting material on tooth abutments provided the most favorable shade matching. Translucent zirconia restorations placed on metallic substrates resulted in unacceptable gray discoloration. The use of opaque luting material resulted in a color change and a lack of shading of the crowns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of prosthetic substrate type, resin cement shade, and opaquer liner application on the translucency and color matching of translucent zirconia- and lithium-based ceramics. Four A2-shade zirconia materials (Katana HTML Plus, STML, UTML, and YML), with and without an opaquer liner, lithium disilicate ceramics (Amber Mill LT and HT), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo) were investigated. Monolithic crowns and standardized rectangular specimens were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and cemented with neutral, warm-shade, and opaque try-in pastes onto A2-shade composite resin and cobalt–chromium substrates. Color measurements were performed using a digital colorimeter based on the CIE L*a*b* system. Translucency parameters (TPs) and color differences (ΔE) relative to the A2 reference shade were calculated. Lithium-based ceramics exhibited significantly higher translucency than zirconia materials. Application of the opaquer liner on intaglio surface of crowns reduced their translucency. On A2-shade substrates, translucent zirconia luted with neutral or warm-shade paste demonstrated the most favorable color compatibility. In contrast, opaque try-in paste resulted in clinically unacceptable color deviations and loss of optical depth. On metallic substrates, most materials exhibited pronounced gray discoloration and substantial color mismatch, particularly lithium disilicate ceramics. These findings indicate that ceramic type, substrate color, opaquer liner application, and resin cement shade significantly influence the optical performance and final color outcome of all-ceramic restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Influence of Prosthetic Substrate, Cement, and Opaquer Liner on Color Matching of Translucent Zirconia- and Lithium-Based Ceramics.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1451. 16p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: Optical properties of translucent zirconia- and lithium-based ceramics were evaluated. The translucency of the tested ceramics was as follows: LDS >> ZLS > zirconia ceramics. The use of an opaque liner reduced the translucency of the ceramics but did not mask the metal substrate. Transparent or colored luting material on tooth abutments provided the most favorable shade matching. Translucent zirconia restorations placed on metallic substrates resulted in unacceptable gray discoloration. The use of opaque luting material resulted in a color change and a lack of shading of the crowns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of prosthetic substrate type, resin cement shade, and opaquer liner application on the translucency and color matching of translucent zirconia- and lithium-based ceramics. Four A2-shade zirconia materials (Katana HTML Plus, STML, UTML, and YML), with and without an opaquer liner, lithium disilicate ceramics (Amber Mill LT and HT), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo) were investigated. Monolithic crowns and standardized rectangular specimens were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and cemented with neutral, warm-shade, and opaque try-in pastes onto A2-shade composite resin and cobalt–chromium substrates. Color measurements were performed using a digital colorimeter based on the CIE L*a*b* system. Translucency parameters (TPs) and color differences (ΔE) relative to the A2 reference shade were calculated. Lithium-based ceramics exhibited significantly higher translucency than zirconia materials. Application of the opaquer liner on intaglio surface of crowns reduced their translucency. On A2-shade substrates, translucent zirconia luted with neutral or warm-shade paste demonstrated the most favorable color compatibility. In contrast, opaque try-in paste resulted in clinically unacceptable color deviations and loss of optical depth. On metallic substrates, most materials exhibited pronounced gray discoloration and substantial color mismatch, particularly lithium disilicate ceramics. These findings indicate that ceramic type, substrate color, opaquer liner application, and resin cement shade significantly influence the optical performance and final color outcome of all-ceramic restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19071451
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1451
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ceramic materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Light transmission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of colors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lithium silicates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Opacity (Optics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical properties
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influence of Prosthetic Substrate, Cement, and Opaquer Liner on Color Matching of Translucent Zirconia- and Lithium-Based Ceramics.
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            NameFull: Dejak, Beata
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            NameFull: Konieczny, Bartłomiej
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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