Optimization Design of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Solidification for Potassium Copper Hexacyanoferrate After Cs + Adsorption Using Response Surface Methodology.
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| Title: | Optimization Design of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Solidification for Potassium Copper Hexacyanoferrate After Cs + Adsorption Using Response Surface Methodology. |
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| Authors: | Liao, Yuqing1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Xingyu2 (AUTHOR), Yuan, Xinyi1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jingsong1,2 (AUTHOR) xhwjs@163.com, Yan, Yao1 (AUTHOR), Ouyang, Gaoshang1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1469. 21p. |
| Subjects: | Process optimization, Radioactive waste management, Response surfaces (Statistics), Cesium ions, Leaching, Compressive strength, Sorbents |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? A quadratic regression model based on RSM optimizes the geopolymer mix for Cs immobilization with a high predictive accuracy (R2 > 0.99). The H2O/Na2O ratio is the most critical factor affecting compressive strength and leaching resistance, followed by Na2O/Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3. The optimal mix (Na2O/Al2O3 = 0.84, SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.8, and H2O/Na2O = 10.23) yields MPa a strength of 23.41 MPa and ultra-low 42-day Cs leaching. What are the implications of the main findings? A quantitative mix design methodology for the efficient solidification of Cs-laden adsorbents using metakaolin-based geopolymer is provided. Microstructural analyses (SEM/XRD/FT-IR) confirm effective Cs encapsulation, supporting the geopolymer's stability in nuclear waste treatment. The model offers a scalable strategy for immobilizing other radionuclides (e.g., Sr2+ and Co2+) in multi-nuclide radioactive wastewater. This study employed a metakaolin-based geopolymer (GP) to solidify potassium copper hexacyanoferrate after its saturation with adsorbed Cs+. The experiment was designed using response surface methodology (RSM) in the Design–Expert 13 software, targeting the compressive strength and cumulative leaching fraction of the solidified form. A regression model was developed to achieve the multi-objective optimization of the comprehensive performance of the GP solidified product. Regression analysis identified the optimal mix proportion as Na2O/Al2O3 = 0.84, SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.8, and H2O/Na2O = 10.23. Under these conditions, the experimentally measured compressive strength was 23.41 MPa. The 42-day cumulative leaching fractions at 25 °C and 40 °C were 7.906 × 10−4 cm and 1.5923 × 10−3 cm, respectively, both significantly below the national standard threshold (Standard Code GB7023-2011) of 2.6 × 10−1 cm. The percentage error remained within 10%, indicating strong agreement with predicted values. These results suggest that metakaolin-based GP exhibits promising potential for the immobilization of radionuclides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 192958831 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Optimization Design of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Solidification for Potassium Copper Hexacyanoferrate After Cs + Adsorption Using Response Surface Methodology. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liao%2C+Yuqing%22">Liao, Yuqing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Xingyu%22">Yu, Xingyu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuan%2C+Xinyi%22">Yuan, Xinyi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jingsong%22">Wang, Jingsong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xhwjs@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Yao%22">Yan, Yao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ouyang%2C+Gaoshang%22">Ouyang, Gaoshang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1469. 21p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Process+optimization%22">Process optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radioactive+waste+management%22">Radioactive waste management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Response+surfaces+%28Statistics%29%22">Response surfaces (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cesium+ions%22">Cesium ions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leaching%22">Leaching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressive+strength%22">Compressive strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sorbents%22">Sorbents</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? A quadratic regression model based on RSM optimizes the geopolymer mix for Cs immobilization with a high predictive accuracy (R2 > 0.99). The H2O/Na2O ratio is the most critical factor affecting compressive strength and leaching resistance, followed by Na2O/Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3. The optimal mix (Na2O/Al2O3 = 0.84, SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.8, and H2O/Na2O = 10.23) yields MPa a strength of 23.41 MPa and ultra-low 42-day Cs leaching. What are the implications of the main findings? A quantitative mix design methodology for the efficient solidification of Cs-laden adsorbents using metakaolin-based geopolymer is provided. Microstructural analyses (SEM/XRD/FT-IR) confirm effective Cs encapsulation, supporting the geopolymer's stability in nuclear waste treatment. The model offers a scalable strategy for immobilizing other radionuclides (e.g., Sr2+ and Co2+) in multi-nuclide radioactive wastewater. This study employed a metakaolin-based geopolymer (GP) to solidify potassium copper hexacyanoferrate after its saturation with adsorbed Cs+. The experiment was designed using response surface methodology (RSM) in the Design–Expert 13 software, targeting the compressive strength and cumulative leaching fraction of the solidified form. A regression model was developed to achieve the multi-objective optimization of the comprehensive performance of the GP solidified product. Regression analysis identified the optimal mix proportion as Na2O/Al2O3 = 0.84, SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.8, and H2O/Na2O = 10.23. Under these conditions, the experimentally measured compressive strength was 23.41 MPa. The 42-day cumulative leaching fractions at 25 °C and 40 °C were 7.906 × 10−4 cm and 1.5923 × 10−3 cm, respectively, both significantly below the national standard threshold (Standard Code GB7023-2011) of 2.6 × 10−1 cm. The percentage error remained within 10%, indicating strong agreement with predicted values. These results suggest that metakaolin-based GP exhibits promising potential for the immobilization of radionuclides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ma19071469 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 21 StartPage: 1469 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Process optimization Type: general – SubjectFull: Radioactive waste management Type: general – SubjectFull: Response surfaces (Statistics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Cesium ions Type: general – SubjectFull: Leaching Type: general – SubjectFull: Compressive strength Type: general – SubjectFull: Sorbents Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Optimization Design of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Solidification for Potassium Copper Hexacyanoferrate After Cs + Adsorption Using Response Surface Methodology. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liao, Yuqing – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yu, Xingyu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yuan, Xinyi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Jingsong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yan, Yao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ouyang, Gaoshang IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961944 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
