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Single-Step Phytate Flame-Retardant Coatings for Cotton, Polyester and Cotton/Polyester Blends.

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Title: Single-Step Phytate Flame-Retardant Coatings for Cotton, Polyester and Cotton/Polyester Blends.
Authors: Zilke, Olga1 (AUTHOR) dennis.plohl@dtnw.de, Plohl, Dennis1,2 (AUTHOR), Ploenißen, Martin1,3 (AUTHOR), Salma, Alaa1 (AUTHOR), Danielsiek, Dominic1,2 (AUTHOR), Kuznetsova, Mariia2,3 (AUTHOR), Bretz, Karlheinz2 (AUTHOR), Moerbitz, Philip2 (AUTHOR), Gutmann, Jochen S.1,3 (AUTHOR), Opwis, Klaus1 (AUTHOR) opwis@dtnw.de
Source: Polymers (20734360). Apr2026, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p819. 25p.
Subjects: Coated textiles, Fireproofing agents, Polyesters, Cotton, Biomaterials, Thermal analysis, Laundry
Abstract: Scalable halogen-free flame-retardant textile finishes remain challenging, particularly regarding laundering durability and industrially viable processing. Here, two phytate flame retardants, poly(vinylammonium) phytate (PVAmPA, partly bio-based) and chitosan phytate (ChiPA, fully bio-based), were applied to cotton (CO), polyester (PET), and a CO/PET blend by a single-step, binder-assisted coating. Both coatings suppressed surface flaming in ISO 15025 on all substrates. Although laundering at 40 °C caused systematically higher wash-off for ChiPA, surface flame suppression was retained for most coated fabrics, with the exception of ChiPA on CO and PVAmPA on PET. Thermogravimetric analysis showed earlier decomposition and increased residue formation for both systems, with the residue at 700 °C increasing from 4.5% to 18.2% for CO_PVAmPA and from 4.5% to 15.2% for CO_ChiPA. In microscale combustion calorimetry, PVAmPA reduced the heat release capacity (HRC) from 251 to 168 J/(g·K) for CO/PET, whereas ChiPA showed its strongest effect on PET, reducing HRC from 413 to 222 J/(g·K). Gas-phase analyses indicated enhanced water release for both coatings and additional NH3 evolution for PVAmPA. Overall, binder-assisted, single-step phytate coatings provide a scalable route to halogen-free flame retardancy, with PVAmPA showing the most robust overall durability and ChiPA offering a fully bio-based alternative with strong substrate-dependent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Single-Step Phytate Flame-Retardant Coatings for Cotton, Polyester and Cotton/Polyester Blends.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zilke%2C+Olga%22">Zilke, Olga</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dennis.plohl@dtnw.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Plohl%2C+Dennis%22">Plohl, Dennis</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ploenißen%2C+Martin%22">Ploenißen, Martin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salma%2C+Alaa%22">Salma, Alaa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Danielsiek%2C+Dominic%22">Danielsiek, Dominic</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuznetsova%2C+Mariia%22">Kuznetsova, Mariia</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bretz%2C+Karlheinz%22">Bretz, Karlheinz</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moerbitz%2C+Philip%22">Moerbitz, Philip</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gutmann%2C+Jochen+S%2E%22">Gutmann, Jochen S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Opwis%2C+Klaus%22">Opwis, Klaus</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> opwis@dtnw.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p819. 25p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coated+textiles%22">Coated textiles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fireproofing+agents%22">Fireproofing agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyesters%22">Polyesters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cotton%22">Cotton</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomaterials%22">Biomaterials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+analysis%22">Thermal analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laundry%22">Laundry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Scalable halogen-free flame-retardant textile finishes remain challenging, particularly regarding laundering durability and industrially viable processing. Here, two phytate flame retardants, poly(vinylammonium) phytate (PVAmPA, partly bio-based) and chitosan phytate (ChiPA, fully bio-based), were applied to cotton (CO), polyester (PET), and a CO/PET blend by a single-step, binder-assisted coating. Both coatings suppressed surface flaming in ISO 15025 on all substrates. Although laundering at 40 °C caused systematically higher wash-off for ChiPA, surface flame suppression was retained for most coated fabrics, with the exception of ChiPA on CO and PVAmPA on PET. Thermogravimetric analysis showed earlier decomposition and increased residue formation for both systems, with the residue at 700 °C increasing from 4.5% to 18.2% for CO_PVAmPA and from 4.5% to 15.2% for CO_ChiPA. In microscale combustion calorimetry, PVAmPA reduced the heat release capacity (HRC) from 251 to 168 J/(g·K) for CO/PET, whereas ChiPA showed its strongest effect on PET, reducing HRC from 413 to 222 J/(g·K). Gas-phase analyses indicated enhanced water release for both coatings and additional NH3 evolution for PVAmPA. Overall, binder-assisted, single-step phytate coatings provide a scalable route to halogen-free flame retardancy, with PVAmPA showing the most robust overall durability and ChiPA offering a fully bio-based alternative with strong substrate-dependent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18070819
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 819
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Coated textiles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fireproofing agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyesters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cotton
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      – SubjectFull: Biomaterials
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Laundry
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      – TitleFull: Single-Step Phytate Flame-Retardant Coatings for Cotton, Polyester and Cotton/Polyester Blends.
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              Text: Apr2026
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