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Recyclability of Flame-Retardant Polypropylene: Property and Flame Retardancy Assessment.

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Title: Recyclability of Flame-Retardant Polypropylene: Property and Flame Retardancy Assessment.
Authors: Bernagozzi, Giulia1,2 (AUTHOR), Arrigo, Rossella1,2 (AUTHOR) rossella.arrigo@polito.it, Xu, Yue3 (AUTHOR), Xu, Miaojun3,4 (AUTHOR), Bartoli, Mattia1,2,4 (AUTHOR), Frache, Alberto1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Apr2026, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p845. 16p.
Subjects: Fireproofing agents, Flammability, Plastic scrap, Thermal stability, Recycling equipment, Circular economy, Fire resistant polymers
Abstract: In the framework of plastic circularity, managing end-of-life plastics containing flame-retardant (FR) additives represents a significant challenge. Although FRs are essential for enhancing fire safety in polymeric materials, many FR-containing products are never exposed to fire during their service life. As a result, substantial amounts of still-active FR remain in plastic waste streams. Since mechanical recycling is currently the most widely implemented strategy for plastic waste management, it is crucial to evaluate whether this process affects the flammability and combustion behavior of FR plastics. In this study, polypropylene (PP) containing 21 wt.% intumescent FR (IFR) was reprocessed up to five times to simulate mechanical recycling. After each cycle, the materials were systematically characterized in terms of rheological, morphological, combustion, and mechanical behavior. Although the agglomeration of IFR particles was observed after multiple cycles, the materials maintained stable processability and thermal stability. Importantly, the charring efficiency of the IFR system was preserved, resulting in consistent flammability performance; furthermore, all reprocessed samples achieved UL 94 V-0 classification and exhibited comparable limited oxygen index values. Mechanical properties were likewise largely maintained. Overall, these findings demonstrate that mechanical recycling represents a viable end-of-life strategy for this PP/IFR system, supporting its compatibility with circular material flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Recyclability of Flame-Retardant Polypropylene: Property and Flame Retardancy Assessment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bernagozzi%2C+Giulia%22">Bernagozzi, Giulia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arrigo%2C+Rossella%22">Arrigo, Rossella</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rossella.arrigo@polito.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Yue%22">Xu, Yue</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Miaojun%22">Xu, Miaojun</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bartoli%2C+Mattia%22">Bartoli, Mattia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Frache%2C+Alberto%22">Frache, Alberto</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p845. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fireproofing+agents%22">Fireproofing agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flammability%22">Flammability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plastic+scrap%22">Plastic scrap</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recycling+equipment%22">Recycling equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Circular+economy%22">Circular economy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fire+resistant+polymers%22">Fire resistant polymers</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In the framework of plastic circularity, managing end-of-life plastics containing flame-retardant (FR) additives represents a significant challenge. Although FRs are essential for enhancing fire safety in polymeric materials, many FR-containing products are never exposed to fire during their service life. As a result, substantial amounts of still-active FR remain in plastic waste streams. Since mechanical recycling is currently the most widely implemented strategy for plastic waste management, it is crucial to evaluate whether this process affects the flammability and combustion behavior of FR plastics. In this study, polypropylene (PP) containing 21 wt.% intumescent FR (IFR) was reprocessed up to five times to simulate mechanical recycling. After each cycle, the materials were systematically characterized in terms of rheological, morphological, combustion, and mechanical behavior. Although the agglomeration of IFR particles was observed after multiple cycles, the materials maintained stable processability and thermal stability. Importantly, the charring efficiency of the IFR system was preserved, resulting in consistent flammability performance; furthermore, all reprocessed samples achieved UL 94 V-0 classification and exhibited comparable limited oxygen index values. Mechanical properties were likewise largely maintained. Overall, these findings demonstrate that mechanical recycling represents a viable end-of-life strategy for this PP/IFR system, supporting its compatibility with circular material flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18070845
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Fireproofing agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flammability
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      – SubjectFull: Plastic scrap
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
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      – SubjectFull: Recycling equipment
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      – SubjectFull: Circular economy
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      – SubjectFull: Fire resistant polymers
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      – TitleFull: Recyclability of Flame-Retardant Polypropylene: Property and Flame Retardancy Assessment.
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              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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