A cryogenic RICH detector demonstrator for SiPM operation with flex-PCB readout.

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Title: A cryogenic RICH detector demonstrator for SiPM operation with flex-PCB readout.
Authors: Frei, C.1 (AUTHOR), Keizer, F.1 (AUTHOR), Malentacca, L.1,2 (AUTHOR) lorenzo.malentacca@cern.ch, Vilella, A. Murillo1 (AUTHOR), Piedigrossi, D.1 (AUTHOR), Wertelaers, P.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A. Aug2026, Vol. 1088, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Photodetectors, Cryostats, Time-resolved measurements, Signal integrity (Electronics), European Organization for Nuclear Research
Abstract: Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays are strong photodetector candidates for future RICH detectors owing to their excellent single-photon detection efficiency, time resolution and fine granularity. The main challenge in operating SiPM arrays is the dark-count rate (DCR), especially after irradiation damage. Operation at cryogenic temperature effectively mitigates the DCR. The design and integration of a cryostat in a RICH detector pose a technical challenge. A modular cryostat demonstrator is under development at CERN to characterise SiPM arrays at liquid-nitrogen temperatures (∼ 80 K) under different experimental conditions. The design of the demonstrator addresses key technical aspects such as the coupling of SiPM arrays to a cold block, the operation of multi-channel readout electronics in vacuum and the transmission of the SiPM analogue signals over distances of several centimetres. This demonstrator will provide valuable insights for the scalability of the system to large photodetector areas. A flex-PCB solution transmits the analogue signals from the cryogenically cooled SiPM arrays to the readout electronics at room temperature. A prototype of the flex-PCB was designed and produced to evaluate the effect of 15 cm-long high-density traces on signal integrity and time resolution. The results demonstrate that signal integrity is preserved and a single-photon time resolution of σ = 103 ± 5 ps was measured using a picosecond-pulsed laser setup at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A cryogenic RICH detector demonstrator for SiPM operation with flex-PCB readout.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Frei%2C+C%2E%22">Frei, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Keizer%2C+F%2E%22">Keizer, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malentacca%2C+L%2E%22">Malentacca, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> lorenzo.malentacca@cern.ch</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vilella%2C+A%2E+Murillo%22">Vilella, A. Murillo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Piedigrossi%2C+D%2E%22">Piedigrossi, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wertelaers%2C+P%2E%22">Wertelaers, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nuclear+Instruments+%26+Methods+in+Physics+Research+Section+A%22">Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 1088, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photodetectors%22">Photodetectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cryostats%22">Cryostats</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time-resolved+measurements%22">Time-resolved measurements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+integrity+%28Electronics%29%22">Signal integrity (Electronics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22European+Organization+for+Nuclear+Research%22">European Organization for Nuclear Research</searchLink>
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  Data: Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays are strong photodetector candidates for future RICH detectors owing to their excellent single-photon detection efficiency, time resolution and fine granularity. The main challenge in operating SiPM arrays is the dark-count rate (DCR), especially after irradiation damage. Operation at cryogenic temperature effectively mitigates the DCR. The design and integration of a cryostat in a RICH detector pose a technical challenge. A modular cryostat demonstrator is under development at CERN to characterise SiPM arrays at liquid-nitrogen temperatures (∼ 80 K) under different experimental conditions. The design of the demonstrator addresses key technical aspects such as the coupling of SiPM arrays to a cold block, the operation of multi-channel readout electronics in vacuum and the transmission of the SiPM analogue signals over distances of several centimetres. This demonstrator will provide valuable insights for the scalability of the system to large photodetector areas. A flex-PCB solution transmits the analogue signals from the cryogenically cooled SiPM arrays to the readout electronics at room temperature. A prototype of the flex-PCB was designed and produced to evaluate the effect of 15 cm-long high-density traces on signal integrity and time resolution. The results demonstrate that signal integrity is preserved and a single-photon time resolution of σ = 103 ± 5 ps was measured using a picosecond-pulsed laser setup at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171510
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Cryostats
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      – SubjectFull: Time-resolved measurements
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      – SubjectFull: Signal integrity (Electronics)
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      – SubjectFull: European Organization for Nuclear Research
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      – TitleFull: A cryogenic RICH detector demonstrator for SiPM operation with flex-PCB readout.
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            NameFull: Frei, C.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
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              Y: 2026
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