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A Monte Carlo study of three-dimensional muonic X-ray elemental imaging using MLEM-based reconstruction.

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Title: A Monte Carlo study of three-dimensional muonic X-ray elemental imaging using MLEM-based reconstruction.
Authors: Lin, Zebin1 (AUTHOR) zeb_lin@ecut.edu.cn, Huang, Fengyu1 (AUTHOR), Kang, Zechao2,3 (AUTHOR), Pan, Ziwen1,2,3 (AUTHOR) panzw19@ustc.edu.cn, Wu, Libo4 (AUTHOR), Wan, Jiangfeng1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Qi1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xiongjie1 (AUTHOR), Zou, Jijun1 (AUTHOR), Deng, Li5,6 (AUTHOR), Yu, Pei5,6 (AUTHOR), Chen, Liangwen5,6,7 (AUTHOR), Ye, Bangjiao2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Radiation Measurements. Jun2026, Vol. 194, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Image reconstruction, Computer simulation, Spatial resolution, Monte Carlo method, Elemental analysis, Nondestructive testing
Abstract: Muon-induced X-ray Emission (MIXE) is an emerging nondestructive elemental analysis technique with depth sensitivity. Owing to the high-energy characteristic muonic X-rays, MIXE offers the potential for three-dimensional elemental imaging inside bulk materials. To address the depth-direction blurring caused by the longitudinal spread of muon implantation, a multi-module three-dimensional imaging approach based on MLEM iterative reconstruction is proposed. The multi-module 3D imaging system was constructed using Geant4, and its performance was evaluated for single-element samples, multi-element configurations, and complex elemental distributions involving encapsulated structures. The influence of different muon implantation depth profiles on imaging quality was also systematically assessed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed imaging system achieves a spatial localization resolution better than 2 mm and effectively reconstructs the internal 3D elemental distributions of samples, confirming its feasibility and potential advantages for MIXE imaging applications. • Developed a multi-module 3D MIXE imaging method based on MLEM reconstruction. • Built the imaging system in Geant4 and validated performance for various elemental distributions. • Assessed the impact of muon implantation depth profiles on MIXE imaging quality. • Achieved 2-mm reconstruction spatial resolution (FWHM) in 3D elemental reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193007932
AccessLevel: 6
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A Monte Carlo study of three-dimensional muonic X-ray elemental imaging using MLEM-based reconstruction.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Zebin%22">Lin, Zebin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zeb_lin@ecut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Fengyu%22">Huang, Fengyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kang%2C+Zechao%22">Kang, Zechao</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Ziwen%22">Pan, Ziwen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> panzw19@ustc.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Libo%22">Wu, Libo</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wan%2C+Jiangfeng%22">Wan, Jiangfeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Qi%22">Liu, Qi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xiongjie%22">Zhang, Xiongjie</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zou%2C+Jijun%22">Zou, Jijun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deng%2C+Li%22">Deng, Li</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Pei%22">Yu, Pei</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Liangwen%22">Chen, Liangwen</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ye%2C+Bangjiao%22">Ye, Bangjiao</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Radiation+Measurements%22">Radiation Measurements</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 194, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+reconstruction%22">Image reconstruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+resolution%22">Spatial resolution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Monte+Carlo+method%22">Monte Carlo method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elemental+analysis%22">Elemental analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Muon-induced X-ray Emission (MIXE) is an emerging nondestructive elemental analysis technique with depth sensitivity. Owing to the high-energy characteristic muonic X-rays, MIXE offers the potential for three-dimensional elemental imaging inside bulk materials. To address the depth-direction blurring caused by the longitudinal spread of muon implantation, a multi-module three-dimensional imaging approach based on MLEM iterative reconstruction is proposed. The multi-module 3D imaging system was constructed using Geant4, and its performance was evaluated for single-element samples, multi-element configurations, and complex elemental distributions involving encapsulated structures. The influence of different muon implantation depth profiles on imaging quality was also systematically assessed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed imaging system achieves a spatial localization resolution better than 2 mm and effectively reconstructs the internal 3D elemental distributions of samples, confirming its feasibility and potential advantages for MIXE imaging applications. • Developed a multi-module 3D MIXE imaging method based on MLEM reconstruction. • Built the imaging system in Geant4 and validated performance for various elemental distributions. • Assessed the impact of muon implantation depth profiles on MIXE imaging quality. • Achieved 2-mm reconstruction spatial resolution (FWHM) in 3D elemental reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107689
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Image reconstruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatial resolution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Monte Carlo method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elemental analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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