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A Distinctive Parallel R–C Matching Technique for Nonlinearity Reduction in GaN MMIC PA for FMCW Radar Applications.

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Title: A Distinctive Parallel R–C Matching Technique for Nonlinearity Reduction in GaN MMIC PA for FMCW Radar Applications.
Authors: Karmakar, Indranil1,2 (AUTHOR), Chauhan, Ashok2 (AUTHOR), Singh, Kuldip1,2 (AUTHOR), Majumdar, Shubhankar3 (AUTHOR), Kundu, Pijus1,2 (AUTHOR) pijuskundu.ceeri@csir.res.in
Source: International Journal of Numerical Modelling. Mar/Apr2026, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p1-18. 18p.
Subjects: Intermodulation distortion, Continuous wave radar, Power amplifiers, Phase distortion (Electronics)
Abstract: Gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) inherently demonstrate nonlinear behavior due to input capacitance modulation and bias‐dependent variations at elevated power levels, resulting in significant phase distortion and diminished intermodulation performance in power amplifiers (PAs). This paper presents a distinctive parallel R–C loaded matching technique aimed at mitigating these nonlinearities in GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) PAs designed for frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar applications. The intrinsic device‐level sources of nonlinearity are examined, and the efficacy of the proposed network in suppressing amplitude‐phase (AM–PM) distortion and enhancing intermodulation distortion (IMD) characteristics is comprehensively assessed. Utilizing this technique, a 15–20 GHz three‐stage GaN MMIC PA is designed and simulated, achieving over 30 dB small‐signal gain, 23%–31% power‐added efficiency (PAE), and a peak power of 39.3 dBm at 17 GHz. The PA demonstrates excellent linearity, with AM–PM variation constrained within ±2° at saturation. The final design occupies a compact 3.37 × 2.59 mm2 footprint, rendering it highly suitable for high‐throughput FMCW radar transmitters. Additionally, full electromagnetic (EM) co‐simulation, including quad flat no‐lead (QFN) packaging and bond‐wire parasitics, is conducted to validate performance robustness under practical integration constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Numerical Modelling is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193139907
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A Distinctive Parallel R–C Matching Technique for Nonlinearity Reduction in GaN MMIC PA for FMCW Radar Applications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karmakar%2C+Indranil%22">Karmakar, Indranil</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chauhan%2C+Ashok%22">Chauhan, Ashok</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Kuldip%22">Singh, Kuldip</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Majumdar%2C+Shubhankar%22">Majumdar, Shubhankar</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kundu%2C+Pijus%22">Kundu, Pijus</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pijuskundu.ceeri@csir.res.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Numerical+Modelling%22">International Journal of Numerical Modelling</searchLink>. Mar/Apr2026, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intermodulation+distortion%22">Intermodulation distortion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Continuous+wave+radar%22">Continuous wave radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+amplifiers%22">Power amplifiers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+distortion+%28Electronics%29%22">Phase distortion (Electronics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) inherently demonstrate nonlinear behavior due to input capacitance modulation and bias‐dependent variations at elevated power levels, resulting in significant phase distortion and diminished intermodulation performance in power amplifiers (PAs). This paper presents a distinctive parallel R–C loaded matching technique aimed at mitigating these nonlinearities in GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) PAs designed for frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar applications. The intrinsic device‐level sources of nonlinearity are examined, and the efficacy of the proposed network in suppressing amplitude‐phase (AM–PM) distortion and enhancing intermodulation distortion (IMD) characteristics is comprehensively assessed. Utilizing this technique, a 15–20 GHz three‐stage GaN MMIC PA is designed and simulated, achieving over 30 dB small‐signal gain, 23%–31% power‐added efficiency (PAE), and a peak power of 39.3 dBm at 17 GHz. The PA demonstrates excellent linearity, with AM–PM variation constrained within ±2° at saturation. The final design occupies a compact 3.37 × 2.59 mm2 footprint, rendering it highly suitable for high‐throughput FMCW radar transmitters. Additionally, full electromagnetic (EM) co‐simulation, including quad flat no‐lead (QFN) packaging and bond‐wire parasitics, is conducted to validate performance robustness under practical integration constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Numerical Modelling is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/jnm.70160
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Intermodulation distortion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Continuous wave radar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Power amplifiers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase distortion (Electronics)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A Distinctive Parallel R–C Matching Technique for Nonlinearity Reduction in GaN MMIC PA for FMCW Radar Applications.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Karmakar, Indranil
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            NameFull: Chauhan, Ashok
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            NameFull: Singh, Kuldip
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            NameFull: Majumdar, Shubhankar
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            NameFull: Kundu, Pijus
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar/Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 39
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Numerical Modelling
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