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Biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A bibliometric review of current trends and future directions.

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Title: Biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A bibliometric review of current trends and future directions.
Authors: Azlan, Muhammad Haris1 (AUTHOR), Yatim, Nurul Syazrah Mat2 (AUTHOR), Osman, Siti Hasanah1 (AUTHOR) hasanahosman@ukm.edu.my, Ganiyu, Saheed3 (AUTHOR), Alhooshani, Khalid Rashed3 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. May2026, Vol. 232, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Hydrogen production, Fuel cells, Green technology, Clean energy, Cost benefit analysis, Hydrogen, Bibliometrics, Raw materials
Geographic Terms: China, United States
Abstract: As the world moves towards low-carbon energy systems, interest in fuel cell and hydrogen technologies as important facilitators of deep decarbonisation has increased. In this context, biomass has become a strategically significant renewable feedstock since it may reduce dependency on fossil fuel-based hydrogen generation while supporting the principles of the circular bioeconomy. Despite growing research activity, studies on biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cell technologies remain fragmented across production pathways, application domains, and geographical regions, limiting a coherent understanding of global research evolution. To address this gap, this study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of international research on biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cells published between 2012 and 2024. A total of 172 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science were systematically analysed using ScientoPy, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix. The analysis examines publication growth trends, citation structures, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution to map the intellectual landscape of the field. Unlike previous bibliometric reviews that focus on hydrogen or fuel cells independently, this study integrates biomass feedstocks, hydrogen production routes, and fuel cell applications into a unified knowledge framework. The findings reveal a rapid acceleration in research output after 2015, with China, the United States, and several Asia-Pacific and European countries emerging as dominant contributors. Keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analyses indicate a thematic shift from conventional biomass conversion technologies toward integrated biorefineries, microbial fuel cells, and green hydrogen systems. Nevertheless, persistent research gaps are identified in techno-economic assessment, life-cycle sustainability evaluation, infrastructure readiness, and policy coordination, which continue to constrain large-scale commercial deployment. Unlike conventional bibliometric studies that primarily focus on publication trends, this study uniquely integrates bibliometric analysis with critical techno-performance evaluation, including technology readiness level (TRL), hydrogen production efficiency, and techno-economic considerations. This hybrid approach provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between research trends and real-world deployment challenges, offering a novel perspective that bridges scientometric mapping with engineering-based decision-making frameworks. In particular, SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 13 (Climate Action) are supported by the results, which also provide direction for researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers who want to expedite the shift from laboratory-scale innovation to practical energy implementation. This study further provides a decision-support framework for evaluating biomass-based hydrogen technologies based on techno-performance and deployment readiness. This enables stakeholders to prioritise technologies based on both research maturity and deployment feasibility. • Biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cells are employed in low-carbon energy systems. • Comprehensive assessment of biomass–hydrogen pathways through bibliometric and techno-performance evaluations. • Analysis of thematic evolution, collaboration networks, and global trends 2012–2024. • Comparison between thermochemical, biochemical, and bioelectrochemical technologies. • The establishment of a decision-support framework that connects research trends to deployment potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A bibliometric review of current trends and future directions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Azlan%2C+Muhammad+Haris%22">Azlan, Muhammad Haris</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yatim%2C+Nurul+Syazrah+Mat%22">Yatim, Nurul Syazrah Mat</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osman%2C+Siti+Hasanah%22">Osman, Siti Hasanah</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hasanahosman@ukm.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ganiyu%2C+Saheed%22">Ganiyu, Saheed</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alhooshani%2C+Khalid+Rashed%22">Alhooshani, Khalid Rashed</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy%22">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 232, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+production%22">Hydrogen production</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fuel+cells%22">Fuel cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Green+technology%22">Green technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost+benefit+analysis%22">Cost benefit analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen%22">Hydrogen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bibliometrics%22">Bibliometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raw+materials%22">Raw materials</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: As the world moves towards low-carbon energy systems, interest in fuel cell and hydrogen technologies as important facilitators of deep decarbonisation has increased. In this context, biomass has become a strategically significant renewable feedstock since it may reduce dependency on fossil fuel-based hydrogen generation while supporting the principles of the circular bioeconomy. Despite growing research activity, studies on biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cell technologies remain fragmented across production pathways, application domains, and geographical regions, limiting a coherent understanding of global research evolution. To address this gap, this study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of international research on biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cells published between 2012 and 2024. A total of 172 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science were systematically analysed using ScientoPy, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix. The analysis examines publication growth trends, citation structures, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution to map the intellectual landscape of the field. Unlike previous bibliometric reviews that focus on hydrogen or fuel cells independently, this study integrates biomass feedstocks, hydrogen production routes, and fuel cell applications into a unified knowledge framework. The findings reveal a rapid acceleration in research output after 2015, with China, the United States, and several Asia-Pacific and European countries emerging as dominant contributors. Keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analyses indicate a thematic shift from conventional biomass conversion technologies toward integrated biorefineries, microbial fuel cells, and green hydrogen systems. Nevertheless, persistent research gaps are identified in techno-economic assessment, life-cycle sustainability evaluation, infrastructure readiness, and policy coordination, which continue to constrain large-scale commercial deployment. Unlike conventional bibliometric studies that primarily focus on publication trends, this study uniquely integrates bibliometric analysis with critical techno-performance evaluation, including technology readiness level (TRL), hydrogen production efficiency, and techno-economic considerations. This hybrid approach provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between research trends and real-world deployment challenges, offering a novel perspective that bridges scientometric mapping with engineering-based decision-making frameworks. In particular, SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 13 (Climate Action) are supported by the results, which also provide direction for researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers who want to expedite the shift from laboratory-scale innovation to practical energy implementation. This study further provides a decision-support framework for evaluating biomass-based hydrogen technologies based on techno-performance and deployment readiness. This enables stakeholders to prioritise technologies based on both research maturity and deployment feasibility. • Biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cells are employed in low-carbon energy systems. • Comprehensive assessment of biomass–hydrogen pathways through bibliometric and techno-performance evaluations. • Analysis of thematic evolution, collaboration networks, and global trends 2012–2024. • Comparison between thermochemical, biochemical, and bioelectrochemical technologies. • The establishment of a decision-support framework that connects research trends to deployment potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154985
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen production
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fuel cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Green technology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cost benefit analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bibliometrics
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      – SubjectFull: Raw materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Biomass-based hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A bibliometric review of current trends and future directions.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Azlan, Muhammad Haris
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            NameFull: Yatim, Nurul Syazrah Mat
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            NameFull: Osman, Siti Hasanah
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            NameFull: Ganiyu, Saheed
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              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 232
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