Real-time digital twin of vat-based 3D printing using in-situ ultrasonic monitoring.

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Title: Real-time digital twin of vat-based 3D printing using in-situ ultrasonic monitoring.
Authors: Jamshididana, Saman1 (AUTHOR), Bischoff, Adam1 (AUTHOR), Olarra, Andre1 (AUTHOR), Holmgren, Ben1 (AUTHOR), Roach, Devin J.1 (AUTHOR) devin.roach@oregonstate.edu
Source: Virtual & Physical Prototyping. Dec2025, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Digital twin, Ultrasonic measurement, Real-time computing, Three-dimensional printing, Fault diagnosis, Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: Vat-based photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing processes, such as Digital Light Process (DLP), enable rapid fabrication of geometrically complex parts with tunable mechanical properties. However, measuring polymerisation and part quality in real-time is challenging due to complex platform configurations and opaque resin systems. This study introduces an in-situ ultrasonic testing (UT) system that tracks ultrasonic wave propagation through each printed layer to create a digital twin of the part with 0.2 mm geometric accuracy. Simultaneously, ultrasonic waves can be used to estimate material properties in real-time such as Young's modulus, detecting changes from 65 MPa to 1.4 GPa, depending on the resin system used. To validate these measurements, ex-situ tensile tests were performed, and the resulting Young's modulus values confirmed the UT estimates with a maximum mean absolute percentage error of 8.97%. Finally, the UT system could detect internal defects as small as 0.249mm2 during printing. This work uses a UT-based system to monitor VP 3D printing in real-time, providing geometric and material property insights to improve reliability for high-precision applications such as biomedical devices or microfluidic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Virtual & Physical Prototyping is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193165861
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  Data: Real-time digital twin of vat-based 3D printing using in-situ ultrasonic monitoring.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Virtual+%26+Physical+Prototyping%22">Virtual & Physical Prototyping</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+twin%22">Digital twin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ultrasonic+measurement%22">Ultrasonic measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Real-time+computing%22">Real-time computing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+printing%22">Three-dimensional printing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+diagnosis%22">Fault diagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Vat-based photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing processes, such as Digital Light Process (DLP), enable rapid fabrication of geometrically complex parts with tunable mechanical properties. However, measuring polymerisation and part quality in real-time is challenging due to complex platform configurations and opaque resin systems. This study introduces an in-situ ultrasonic testing (UT) system that tracks ultrasonic wave propagation through each printed layer to create a digital twin of the part with 0.2 mm geometric accuracy. Simultaneously, ultrasonic waves can be used to estimate material properties in real-time such as Young's modulus, detecting changes from 65 MPa to 1.4 GPa, depending on the resin system used. To validate these measurements, ex-situ tensile tests were performed, and the resulting Young's modulus values confirmed the UT estimates with a maximum mean absolute percentage error of 8.97%. Finally, the UT system could detect internal defects as small as 0.249mm2 during printing. This work uses a UT-based system to monitor VP 3D printing in real-time, providing geometric and material property insights to improve reliability for high-precision applications such as biomedical devices or microfluidic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Virtual & Physical Prototyping is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2592734
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ultrasonic measurement
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      – SubjectFull: Real-time computing
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      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional printing
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      – SubjectFull: Fault diagnosis
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – TitleFull: Real-time digital twin of vat-based 3D printing using in-situ ultrasonic monitoring.
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            NameFull: Jamshididana, Saman
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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