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Thermal analysis of magnetized TiO2–PAO nanolubricant flow in the presence of non-uniform heat source and activation energy.

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Title: Thermal analysis of magnetized TiO2–PAO nanolubricant flow in the presence of non-uniform heat source and activation energy.
Authors: Bibi, Asia1 (AUTHOR), Hashmi, M. S.1 (AUTHOR), Riaz, Muhammad2 (AUTHOR), Inc, Mustafa3,4,5 (AUTHOR), Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman6 (AUTHOR), Zainal, Nurul Amira7 (AUTHOR) nurulamira@utem.edu.my
Source: Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. Mar2026, Vol. 151 Issue 6, p5319-5331. 13p.
Subjects: Heat transfer, Nanofluids, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Activation energy, Thermal analysis, Numerical analysis
Abstract: In this paper, thermal properties of magnetized TiO 2 -PAO nanolubricant flow over a flat surface is examined. Incorporating titanium dioxide ( TiO 2) NFs into a conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) lubricant has shown much higher thermal conductivity and therefore better heat transfer capabilities, resulting in less friction, wear, and use of less energy by the mechanical system. The current discussion examines the principle of HT when subjected to both the effects of TR and non-uniform heat source. Also, the effects of local thermal non-equilibrium conditions and porous media in the optimization of HT are studied. Thermal and flow characteristics of the effect of activation energy are also taken into consideration. The nonlinear PDEs are reduced to a system comprising of ODEs through suitable STs. The MATLAB bvp4c solver is implemented to get numerical solutions. The dependence of important physical parameters on velocity, temperature distribution, and HT rate variation is shown graphically and in tabular form. Findings have shown that augmenting magnetic field strength and inertial parameters has a tremendous effect on reducing the flow of a nanolubricant. On the other hand, the existence of TR and heat generation inside the nanolubricant greatly improves the thermal performance of the lubricant. This study offers valuable results on how nanolubricants can be made more efficient and gives possible use in the automotive, aerospace, and industrial thermal management systems, which are facing dire challenges in lubrication, heat transfer as well as material performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193168046
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Thermal analysis of magnetized TiO<subscript>2</subscript>–PAO nanolubricant flow in the presence of non-uniform heat source and activation energy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bibi%2C+Asia%22">Bibi, Asia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hashmi%2C+M%2E+S%2E%22">Hashmi, M. S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Riaz%2C+Muhammad%22">Riaz, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Inc%2C+Mustafa%22">Inc, Mustafa</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohd+Kasim%2C+Abdul+Rahman%22">Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zainal%2C+Nurul+Amira%22">Zainal, Nurul Amira</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nurulamira@utem.edu.my</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Thermal+Analysis+%26+Calorimetry%22">Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 151 Issue 6, p5319-5331. 13p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofluids%22">Nanofluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+dioxide+nanoparticles%22">Titanium dioxide nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Activation+energy%22">Activation energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+analysis%22">Thermal analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+analysis%22">Numerical analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In this paper, thermal properties of magnetized TiO 2 -PAO nanolubricant flow over a flat surface is examined. Incorporating titanium dioxide ( TiO 2) NFs into a conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) lubricant has shown much higher thermal conductivity and therefore better heat transfer capabilities, resulting in less friction, wear, and use of less energy by the mechanical system. The current discussion examines the principle of HT when subjected to both the effects of TR and non-uniform heat source. Also, the effects of local thermal non-equilibrium conditions and porous media in the optimization of HT are studied. Thermal and flow characteristics of the effect of activation energy are also taken into consideration. The nonlinear PDEs are reduced to a system comprising of ODEs through suitable STs. The MATLAB bvp4c solver is implemented to get numerical solutions. The dependence of important physical parameters on velocity, temperature distribution, and HT rate variation is shown graphically and in tabular form. Findings have shown that augmenting magnetic field strength and inertial parameters has a tremendous effect on reducing the flow of a nanolubricant. On the other hand, the existence of TR and heat generation inside the nanolubricant greatly improves the thermal performance of the lubricant. This study offers valuable results on how nanolubricants can be made more efficient and gives possible use in the automotive, aerospace, and industrial thermal management systems, which are facing dire challenges in lubrication, heat transfer as well as material performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10973-026-15334-5
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
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      – SubjectFull: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
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      – SubjectFull: Activation energy
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              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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