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CexZn1–xO2 catalysts for conversion of propanoic acid to 3-pentanone via ketonization.

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Title: CexZn1–xO2 catalysts for conversion of propanoic acid to 3-pentanone via ketonization.
Authors: Vasantha, Navitha Mudoor1 (AUTHOR), Kumbarageri, Basavaraj1 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Rawesh2 (AUTHOR), Narayanaswamy, Ganesh1 (AUTHOR), Murudappa, Harsha1 (AUTHOR), Karthikayan, Sree1 (AUTHOR), Maradur, Sanjeev P1 (AUTHOR), Enjamuri, Naga Suresh1 (AUTHOR) nagasuresh@ppisr.res.in
Source: Journal of Chemical Sciences. Jun2026, Vol. 138 Issue 2, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Propionic acid, Pentanone, Alternative fuels, Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalysts, Carbonyl compounds
Abstract: Ketonization of carboxylic acids offers a highly effective strategy for upgrading bio-oil by reducing its oxygen content and enhancing fuel properties. In this study, a series of CexZn1–xO2 catalysts with varying Ce/Zn ratios were synthesized and evaluated for the ketonization of propanoic acid to produce 3-pentanone, a valuable intermediate with improved thermal stability and hydrophobicity. Among the catalysts tested, Ce0.7Zn0.3O2 catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, achieving >99% conversion of propanoic acid and >99% selectivity toward 3-pentanone at 350 °C, with stable catalytic activity maintained over a period of 3 h. BET surface area analysis revealed that all the catalysts possess mesoporous structures characterized by type-IV isotherms with H3 hysteresis loops. PXRD results indicated the formation of a CeO2-dominated solid solution, with highly dispersed ZnO phase undetectable by diffraction. However, AAS, Raman analysis and FT-IR studies supports the presence of ZnO in the CexZn1–xO2 catalysts. CO2 and NH3-TPD measurements demonstrated that Zn incorporation significantly enhanced the acidic and basic surface sites, which are crucial for propanoic acid ketonization activity. These findings highlight the potential of CexZn1–xO2 catalysts for efficient bio-oil upgrading and contribute to the advancement of renewable fuel technologies through catalytic conversion of low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids. CexZn1–xO2 catalysts with varying Ce/Zn ratios were synthesized and evaluated for the ketonization of propanoic acid to produce 3-pentanone. Among the catalysts tested, Ce0.7Zn0.3O2 catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, achieving >99% propanoic acid and >99% 3-pentanone selectivity at 350 °C, with stable catalytic activity maintained over a period of 3 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Chemical Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Ce<subscript>x</subscript>Zn<subscript>1–x</subscript>O<subscript>2</subscript> catalysts for conversion of propanoic acid to 3-pentanone via ketonization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vasantha%2C+Navitha+Mudoor%22">Vasantha, Navitha Mudoor</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumbarageri%2C+Basavaraj%22">Kumbarageri, Basavaraj</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Rawesh%22">Kumar, Rawesh</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Narayanaswamy%2C+Ganesh%22">Narayanaswamy, Ganesh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Murudappa%2C+Harsha%22">Murudappa, Harsha</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karthikayan%2C+Sree%22">Karthikayan, Sree</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maradur%2C+Sanjeev+P%22">Maradur, Sanjeev P</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Enjamuri%2C+Naga+Suresh%22">Enjamuri, Naga Suresh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nagasuresh@ppisr.res.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Chemical+Sciences%22">Journal of Chemical Sciences</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 138 Issue 2, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Propionic+acid%22">Propionic acid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pentanone%22">Pentanone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alternative+fuels%22">Alternative fuels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heterogeneous+catalysis%22">Heterogeneous catalysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalysts%22">Catalysts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbonyl+compounds%22">Carbonyl compounds</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Ketonization of carboxylic acids offers a highly effective strategy for upgrading bio-oil by reducing its oxygen content and enhancing fuel properties. In this study, a series of CexZn1–xO2 catalysts with varying Ce/Zn ratios were synthesized and evaluated for the ketonization of propanoic acid to produce 3-pentanone, a valuable intermediate with improved thermal stability and hydrophobicity. Among the catalysts tested, Ce0.7Zn0.3O2 catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, achieving >99% conversion of propanoic acid and >99% selectivity toward 3-pentanone at 350 °C, with stable catalytic activity maintained over a period of 3 h. BET surface area analysis revealed that all the catalysts possess mesoporous structures characterized by type-IV isotherms with H3 hysteresis loops. PXRD results indicated the formation of a CeO2-dominated solid solution, with highly dispersed ZnO phase undetectable by diffraction. However, AAS, Raman analysis and FT-IR studies supports the presence of ZnO in the CexZn1–xO2 catalysts. CO2 and NH3-TPD measurements demonstrated that Zn incorporation significantly enhanced the acidic and basic surface sites, which are crucial for propanoic acid ketonization activity. These findings highlight the potential of CexZn1–xO2 catalysts for efficient bio-oil upgrading and contribute to the advancement of renewable fuel technologies through catalytic conversion of low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids. CexZn1–xO2 catalysts with varying Ce/Zn ratios were synthesized and evaluated for the ketonization of propanoic acid to produce 3-pentanone. Among the catalysts tested, Ce0.7Zn0.3O2 catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, achieving >99% propanoic acid and >99% 3-pentanone selectivity at 350 °C, with stable catalytic activity maintained over a period of 3 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Chemical Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s12039-026-02489-9
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Propionic acid
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pentanone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alternative fuels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heterogeneous catalysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Catalysts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbonyl compounds
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      – TitleFull: CexZn1–xO2 catalysts for conversion of propanoic acid to 3-pentanone via ketonization.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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