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Design, synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization of new pyrazole derivatives and their α-amylase inhibitory potential.

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Title: Design, synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization of new pyrazole derivatives and their α-amylase inhibitory potential.
Authors: Govindappa, Dinesh Kumar1 (AUTHOR), Kumara, Karthik2 (AUTHOR), Mylarappa, Swati3 (AUTHOR), Lokanath, Neratur Krishnappagowda4 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Kariyappa Ajay1 (AUTHOR), Jayadevappa, Hanasavadi Parameshwarappa1 (AUTHOR) hpjayadevappa@gmail.com
Source: Journal of Chemical Sciences. Jun2026, Vol. 138 Issue 2, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Pyrazole derivatives, Amylase inhibitors, Enzyme inhibitors, Spectrum analysis, Chemical synthesis, Crystal structure, Hypoglycemic agents, Catalysis
Abstract: In search for novel α-amylase inhibitors, the present study reports an efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-pyrazoline derivatives, which involves an Amberlyst-15-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation reaction of chalcones with phenylhydrazine or semicarbazide at room temperature. The structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, and among the series, the compound 5-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide 5c, was confirmed through single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The analysis revealed the presence of intermolecular C–H...O and N–H...O hydrogen bond interactions. The molecular structure was stabilized by C–H...π and π...π molecular interactions. The intermolecular N–H...O interaction leads to the formation of an R22(8) supramolecular synthon. The preliminary in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay studies of compounds 4(a–d) and 5(a–d) indicated the promising inhibitory effects. The compounds demonstrated good α-amylase inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 2.23 to 9.16 µM, with the most potent inhibitors being 5b (IC50 = 2.23 µM) and 4b (IC50 = 3.86 µM), in comparison to the control drug acarbose (IC50 = 2.56 µM). In search of potent anti-diabetic agents, a series of pyrazoles 4(a–d) and pyrazole carboxamides 5(a–d) were synthesised through Amberlyst-15 catalysed reaction of chalcones 3(a–d) with phenylhydrazine/semicarbazide hydrochloride in acetonitrile medium at room temperature. The crystallographic studies confirm the structure of 5c. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for α-amylase activity, and the results revealed that 4b and 5b exhibit the most potent activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Chemical Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Design, synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization of new pyrazole derivatives and their α-amylase inhibitory potential.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Chemical+Sciences%22">Journal of Chemical Sciences</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 138 Issue 2, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrazole+derivatives%22">Pyrazole derivatives</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amylase+inhibitors%22">Amylase inhibitors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enzyme+inhibitors%22">Enzyme inhibitors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spectrum+analysis%22">Spectrum analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+synthesis%22">Chemical synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+structure%22">Crystal structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypoglycemic+agents%22">Hypoglycemic agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalysis%22">Catalysis</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In search for novel α-amylase inhibitors, the present study reports an efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-pyrazoline derivatives, which involves an Amberlyst-15-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation reaction of chalcones with phenylhydrazine or semicarbazide at room temperature. The structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, and among the series, the compound 5-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide 5c, was confirmed through single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The analysis revealed the presence of intermolecular C–H...O and N–H...O hydrogen bond interactions. The molecular structure was stabilized by C–H...π and π...π molecular interactions. The intermolecular N–H...O interaction leads to the formation of an R22(8) supramolecular synthon. The preliminary in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay studies of compounds 4(a–d) and 5(a–d) indicated the promising inhibitory effects. The compounds demonstrated good α-amylase inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 2.23 to 9.16 µM, with the most potent inhibitors being 5b (IC50 = 2.23 µM) and 4b (IC50 = 3.86 µM), in comparison to the control drug acarbose (IC50 = 2.56 µM). In search of potent anti-diabetic agents, a series of pyrazoles 4(a–d) and pyrazole carboxamides 5(a–d) were synthesised through Amberlyst-15 catalysed reaction of chalcones 3(a–d) with phenylhydrazine/semicarbazide hydrochloride in acetonitrile medium at room temperature. The crystallographic studies confirm the structure of 5c. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for α-amylase activity, and the results revealed that 4b and 5b exhibit the most potent activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Chemical Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s12039-026-02496-w
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pyrazole derivatives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Amylase inhibitors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enzyme inhibitors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spectrum analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypoglycemic agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Catalysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Design, synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization of new pyrazole derivatives and their α-amylase inhibitory potential.
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            NameFull: Govindappa, Dinesh Kumar
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            NameFull: Kumara, Karthik
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            NameFull: Mylarappa, Swati
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            NameFull: Lokanath, Neratur Krishnappagowda
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            NameFull: Kumar, Kariyappa Ajay
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            NameFull: Jayadevappa, Hanasavadi Parameshwarappa
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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