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Influence of spindle tip geometry on the performance of a controllable CO2 ejector.

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Title: Influence of spindle tip geometry on the performance of a controllable CO2 ejector.
Authors: Chandran R., Jishnu1 (AUTHOR), Sadasivan, Sreeja2 (AUTHOR) sreeja.sadasivan@vit.ac.in, Arumugam, Senthil Kumar3 (AUTHOR) asenthilkumar@vit.ac.in
Source: International Journal of Modern Physics C: Computational Physics & Physical Computation. Oct2026, Vol. 37 Issue 10, p1-22. 22p.
Subjects: Fluid dynamics, Injectors, Mathematical models, Refrigeration & refrigerating machinery
Abstract: Variable geometry ejectors are crucial in CO2 refrigeration systems for the recovery of expansion work and in the regulation of refrigerating capacity. The performance of a variable geometry ejector is sensitive to the spindle geometry and its positioning. This study employs numerical analysis to explore how the spindle tip angle affects the performance and flow behavior of a variable geometry CO2 ejector. The study analyzes the flow characteristics of the ejector for various angles of the spindle tip, considering both critical and sub-critical operating modes. An increase in the spindle tip angle lowers the motive flow rate, for a fixed spindle position. A sharper tip for the spindle reduces secondary flow entrainment in the critical operating mode and improves the secondary flow rate in the subcritical operating mode. Vapor quality from the ejector improves for a larger tip angle in the critical mode, and the opposite trend is observed for the subcritical mode. For spindle tip angles larger than the convergent angle of the motive nozzle, the pre-expanding motive flow before the nozzle throat plane in critical mode lowers the pressure in the mixing region and amplifies secondary flow entrainment. As the spindle tip angle increases in the subcritical mode, the rise in flow obstruction from recirculating flows leads to a significant decrease in secondary flow entrainment. The critical and the maximum functional discharge pressures decrease with an increase in the spindle tip angle. However, even when the ejector operates in subcritical mode, larger spindle tip angles can achieve higher entrainment ratios compared to narrower spindle tips for a given pressure lift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Modern Physics C: Computational Physics & Physical Computation is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193276467
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Influence of spindle tip geometry on the performance of a controllable CO<subscript>2</subscript> ejector.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+dynamics%22">Fluid dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Injectors%22">Injectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+models%22">Mathematical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refrigeration+%26+refrigerating+machinery%22">Refrigeration & refrigerating machinery</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Variable geometry ejectors are crucial in CO2 refrigeration systems for the recovery of expansion work and in the regulation of refrigerating capacity. The performance of a variable geometry ejector is sensitive to the spindle geometry and its positioning. This study employs numerical analysis to explore how the spindle tip angle affects the performance and flow behavior of a variable geometry CO2 ejector. The study analyzes the flow characteristics of the ejector for various angles of the spindle tip, considering both critical and sub-critical operating modes. An increase in the spindle tip angle lowers the motive flow rate, for a fixed spindle position. A sharper tip for the spindle reduces secondary flow entrainment in the critical operating mode and improves the secondary flow rate in the subcritical operating mode. Vapor quality from the ejector improves for a larger tip angle in the critical mode, and the opposite trend is observed for the subcritical mode. For spindle tip angles larger than the convergent angle of the motive nozzle, the pre-expanding motive flow before the nozzle throat plane in critical mode lowers the pressure in the mixing region and amplifies secondary flow entrainment. As the spindle tip angle increases in the subcritical mode, the rise in flow obstruction from recirculating flows leads to a significant decrease in secondary flow entrainment. The critical and the maximum functional discharge pressures decrease with an increase in the spindle tip angle. However, even when the ejector operates in subcritical mode, larger spindle tip angles can achieve higher entrainment ratios compared to narrower spindle tips for a given pressure lift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Modern Physics C: Computational Physics & Physical Computation is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1142/S0129183126500099
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
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      – SubjectFull: Fluid dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Injectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Refrigeration & refrigerating machinery
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      – TitleFull: Influence of spindle tip geometry on the performance of a controllable CO2 ejector.
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            NameFull: Chandran R., Jishnu
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            NameFull: Sadasivan, Sreeja
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            NameFull: Arumugam, Senthil Kumar
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 37
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Modern Physics C: Computational Physics & Physical Computation
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