Process-engineered immobilization of ureolytic biocatalysts in diatomite for in-situ biomineralization under high-alkalinity solid-phase conditions.
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| Title: | Process-engineered immobilization of ureolytic biocatalysts in diatomite for in-situ biomineralization under high-alkalinity solid-phase conditions. |
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| Authors: | Zhang, Guang-Zhu1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Qing-Liang1 (AUTHOR), Li, Hong-Feng1 (AUTHOR), Li, Zhuo1,2 (AUTHOR) 2022112206@nefu.edu.cn |
| Source: | Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering. Apr2026, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p859-876. 18p. |
| Subjects: | Diatomaceous earth, Biomineralization, Enzymes, Mechanical behavior of materials, Alkalinization, Microstructure, Calcium carbonate, Calcium hydroxide |
| Abstract: | Problematic clays are widely stabilized with lime to improve strength and durability, yet slow early-age strength development, pronounced brittle failure, and limited densification often constrain performance in high-alkalinity environments. This study explores a synergistic route that integrates diatomite-immobilized ureolytic microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation with lime stabilization. Mixtures were prepared with 6% hydrated lime and 3 to 7% diatomite or a diatomite-based microbial curing agent; where applicable a 1.0 M urea–calcium chloride solution supplied substrates for mineralization. Mechanical properties were assessed by unconfined compressive strength, unconsolidated–undrained triaxial testing, and ultrasonic pulse velocity, and microstructure and phase assemblage were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results show clear dosage-dependent gains. At 28 d, unconfined compressive strength reached 1987.18, 2278.17, and 2563.00 kPa for 3%DE-B, 5%DE-B, and 7%DE-B, exceeding the corresponding diatomite-only groups by 75.65%, 83.17%, and 88.50%. Under 300 kPa confining pressure, cohesion increased to 382.52 to 498.72 kPa and the internal friction angle to 38.88 to 47.88°. Ultrasonic pulse velocity rose with curing age, with 7%DE-B increasing by 45.01% from 7 d to 28 d. Triaxial responses followed linear elasticity, strain hardening, peak strength, and softening, while failure shifted from through-crack brittleness to non-through diffuse cracking with pronounced bulging. Microstructural evidence indicates clustered calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) progressively encapsulating diatomite and abundant ellipsoidal CaCO₃ forming interconnected three-dimensional networks. These observations support a synergy between pozzolanic reaction and microbial mineralization that constructs a multi-scale cementation network, densifies the matrix, and strengthens interparticle contacts, yielding reproducible improvements in strength, ductility, and structural integrity. These results provide reference value for performance enhancement and process optimization of lime-stabilized clays and cementation-enhanced clay systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 193310227 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Process-engineered immobilization of ureolytic biocatalysts in diatomite for in-situ biomineralization under high-alkalinity solid-phase conditions. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Guang-Zhu%22">Zhang, Guang-Zhu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Qing-Liang%22">Xu, Qing-Liang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Hong-Feng%22">Li, Hong-Feng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhuo%22">Li, Zhuo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 2022112206@nefu.edu.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Bioprocess+%26+Biosystems+Engineering%22">Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p859-876. 18p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diatomaceous+earth%22">Diatomaceous earth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomineralization%22">Biomineralization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enzymes%22">Enzymes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alkalinization%22">Alkalinization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+carbonate%22">Calcium carbonate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+hydroxide%22">Calcium hydroxide</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Problematic clays are widely stabilized with lime to improve strength and durability, yet slow early-age strength development, pronounced brittle failure, and limited densification often constrain performance in high-alkalinity environments. This study explores a synergistic route that integrates diatomite-immobilized ureolytic microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation with lime stabilization. Mixtures were prepared with 6% hydrated lime and 3 to 7% diatomite or a diatomite-based microbial curing agent; where applicable a 1.0 M urea–calcium chloride solution supplied substrates for mineralization. Mechanical properties were assessed by unconfined compressive strength, unconsolidated–undrained triaxial testing, and ultrasonic pulse velocity, and microstructure and phase assemblage were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results show clear dosage-dependent gains. At 28 d, unconfined compressive strength reached 1987.18, 2278.17, and 2563.00 kPa for 3%DE-B, 5%DE-B, and 7%DE-B, exceeding the corresponding diatomite-only groups by 75.65%, 83.17%, and 88.50%. Under 300 kPa confining pressure, cohesion increased to 382.52 to 498.72 kPa and the internal friction angle to 38.88 to 47.88°. Ultrasonic pulse velocity rose with curing age, with 7%DE-B increasing by 45.01% from 7 d to 28 d. Triaxial responses followed linear elasticity, strain hardening, peak strength, and softening, while failure shifted from through-crack brittleness to non-through diffuse cracking with pronounced bulging. Microstructural evidence indicates clustered calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) progressively encapsulating diatomite and abundant ellipsoidal CaCO₃ forming interconnected three-dimensional networks. These observations support a synergy between pozzolanic reaction and microbial mineralization that constructs a multi-scale cementation network, densifies the matrix, and strengthens interparticle contacts, yielding reproducible improvements in strength, ductility, and structural integrity. These results provide reference value for performance enhancement and process optimization of lime-stabilized clays and cementation-enhanced clay systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00449-026-03290-1 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 859 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Diatomaceous earth Type: general – SubjectFull: Biomineralization Type: general – SubjectFull: Enzymes Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Alkalinization Type: general – SubjectFull: Microstructure Type: general – SubjectFull: Calcium carbonate Type: general – SubjectFull: Calcium hydroxide Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Process-engineered immobilization of ureolytic biocatalysts in diatomite for in-situ biomineralization under high-alkalinity solid-phase conditions. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Guang-Zhu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Xu, Qing-Liang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Li, Hong-Feng – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Li, Zhuo IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 16157591 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 49 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
