Detailed analysis of the NGC 2168 cluster, leveraging Gaia DR3.
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| Title: | Detailed analysis of the NGC 2168 cluster, leveraging Gaia DR3. |
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| Authors: | Ahmed, Nasser M.1 (AUTHOR) nasser_ahnmed@yahoo.com, Canbay, Remziye2 (AUTHOR) rmzycnby@gmail.com, Çınar, Deniz Cennet3 (AUTHOR) denizcennetcinar@gmail.com |
| Source: | Advances in Space Research. May2026, Vol. 77 Issue 10, p10870-10888. 19p. |
| Subjects: | Star clusters, GAIA (Artificial satellite), Distribution of stars, Stellar evolution, Orbital mechanics, Astronomical surveys, Kinematics |
| Abstract: | NGC 2168 (M35) serves as a fundamental benchmark for studying stellar evolution and dynamical environments at the transition between young and intermediate-age populations. We present a comprehensive analysis of the cluster's kinematic, structural, and astrophysical properties utilizing high-precision astrometry and photometry data from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3), complemented by 2MASS data. A statistical membership assessment yields a clean sample of probable members (N ≈ 1397), with mean proper motion components of μ α cos δ = 2.278 ± 0.006 mas yr - 1 and μ δ = - 2.893 ± 0.006 mas yr - 1 , along with a mean trigonometric parallax of ϖ = 1.154 ± 0.052 mas. We derived the cluster's fundamental parameters via isochrone fitting, determining an age of 190 ± 12 Myr , a metallicity of [ M / H ] ≈ - 0.048 dex , and a probabilistic distance of 840 ± 54 pc. The radial density profile is well described by a generalized King model with β = 1 ( r c = 7.97 ′ , r cl = 36.69 ′ ), revealing the presence of a loosely bound, extended stellar halo. Furthermore, we detect a spatial elongation oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane, likely a signature of vertical tidal heating or disk shocking. The mass function analysis exhibits a multimodal Gaussian structure, suggesting a complex dynamical formation history beyond a simple power-law distribution. Finally, orbital integration confirms NGC 2168 as a thin disk object with a maximum vertical excursion of ∼ 171 pc , consistent with the observed vertical morphological deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 193312425 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Detailed analysis of the NGC 2168 cluster, leveraging Gaia DR3. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmed%2C+Nasser+M%2E%22">Ahmed, Nasser M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nasser_ahnmed@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Canbay%2C+Remziye%22">Canbay, Remziye</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rmzycnby@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Çınar%2C+Deniz+Cennet%22">Çınar, Deniz Cennet</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> denizcennetcinar@gmail.com</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Space+Research%22">Advances in Space Research</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 77 Issue 10, p10870-10888. 19p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Star+clusters%22">Star clusters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22GAIA+%28Artificial+satellite%29%22">GAIA (Artificial satellite)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distribution+of+stars%22">Distribution of stars</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stellar+evolution%22">Stellar evolution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Orbital+mechanics%22">Orbital mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Astronomical+surveys%22">Astronomical surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinematics%22">Kinematics</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: NGC 2168 (M35) serves as a fundamental benchmark for studying stellar evolution and dynamical environments at the transition between young and intermediate-age populations. We present a comprehensive analysis of the cluster's kinematic, structural, and astrophysical properties utilizing high-precision astrometry and photometry data from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3), complemented by 2MASS data. A statistical membership assessment yields a clean sample of probable members (N ≈ 1397), with mean proper motion components of μ α cos δ = 2.278 ± 0.006 mas yr - 1 and μ δ = - 2.893 ± 0.006 mas yr - 1 , along with a mean trigonometric parallax of ϖ = 1.154 ± 0.052 mas. We derived the cluster's fundamental parameters via isochrone fitting, determining an age of 190 ± 12 Myr , a metallicity of [ M / H ] ≈ - 0.048 dex , and a probabilistic distance of 840 ± 54 pc. The radial density profile is well described by a generalized King model with β = 1 ( r c = 7.97 ′ , r cl = 36.69 ′ ), revealing the presence of a loosely bound, extended stellar halo. Furthermore, we detect a spatial elongation oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane, likely a signature of vertical tidal heating or disk shocking. The mass function analysis exhibits a multimodal Gaussian structure, suggesting a complex dynamical formation history beyond a simple power-law distribution. Finally, orbital integration confirms NGC 2168 as a thin disk object with a maximum vertical excursion of ∼ 171 pc , consistent with the observed vertical morphological deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.asr.2026.03.061 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 19 StartPage: 10870 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Star clusters Type: general – SubjectFull: GAIA (Artificial satellite) Type: general – SubjectFull: Distribution of stars Type: general – SubjectFull: Stellar evolution Type: general – SubjectFull: Orbital mechanics Type: general – SubjectFull: Astronomical surveys Type: general – SubjectFull: Kinematics Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Detailed analysis of the NGC 2168 cluster, leveraging Gaia DR3. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ahmed, Nasser M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Canbay, Remziye – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Çınar, Deniz Cennet IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 05 Text: May2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02731177 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 77 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Advances in Space Research Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
