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From Fundamentals to Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Enzymatic Biofuel Cells.

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Title: From Fundamentals to Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Enzymatic Biofuel Cells.
Authors: Kundu, Debajyoti1 (AUTHOR) debajyoti.k@srmap.edu.in, Jacob, Samuel2 (AUTHOR), Samanta, Palas3 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Vineet4 (AUTHOR), Adhikari, Manab Deb5 (AUTHOR), Kumar, N. S. Sampath6 (AUTHOR), Chintagunta, Anjani Devi6 (AUTHOR), Kuila, Arindam7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Fuel Cells. Apr2026, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p1-18. 18p.
Subjects: Bioelectrochemistry, Protein engineering, Energy density, Biomass energy, Oxidoreductases, Microelectrodes, Clean energy, Medical electronics
Abstract: Enzymatic biofuel cells represent a promising class of bioelectrochemical systems that employ redox enzymes as catalysts to convert the chemical energy of bio‐derived fuels into electrical energy under mild and environmentally benign conditions. Unlike conventional fuel cells, EBFCs operate with high substrate specificity and biocompatibility, enabling applications ranging from sustainable energy generation to wearable and implantable biomedical devices. Recent advances in nanostructured electrode design, redox polymer mediators, and protein engineering have significantly enhanced electron transfer efficiency, power density, and operational stability. Hybrid configurations integrating supercapacitors, microfluidics, and flexible substrates further demonstrate EBFC potential in powering self‐sustained biosensors and controlled drug‐delivery systems. Nonetheless, critical challenges remain, including limited enzyme lifetime, restricted direct electron transfer due to structural constraints, mediator leaching, and difficulties in scaling for real‐world deployment. Future research directions emphasize the development of genetically engineered enzymes with improved durability, multifunctional nanostructured electrodes for higher loading and electron mobility, and hybrid bioelectronic platforms capable of delivering stable outputs for long‐term biomedical and environmental applications. This review highlights the fundamental principles, key components, technological advances, and persisting challenges in EBFCs, offering insights into pathways that can bridge laboratory‐scale prototypes to practical, sustainable, and clinically relevant power solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Fuel Cells is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: From Fundamentals to Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Enzymatic Biofuel Cells.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kundu%2C+Debajyoti%22">Kundu, Debajyoti</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> debajyoti.k@srmap.edu.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jacob%2C+Samuel%22">Jacob, Samuel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samanta%2C+Palas%22">Samanta, Palas</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Vineet%22">Kumar, Vineet</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adhikari%2C+Manab+Deb%22">Adhikari, Manab Deb</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+N%2E+S%2E+Sampath%22">Kumar, N. S. Sampath</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chintagunta%2C+Anjani+Devi%22">Chintagunta, Anjani Devi</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuila%2C+Arindam%22">Kuila, Arindam</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Fuel+Cells%22">Fuel Cells</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioelectrochemistry%22">Bioelectrochemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protein+engineering%22">Protein engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+density%22">Energy density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+energy%22">Biomass energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidoreductases%22">Oxidoreductases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microelectrodes%22">Microelectrodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+electronics%22">Medical electronics</searchLink>
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  Data: Enzymatic biofuel cells represent a promising class of bioelectrochemical systems that employ redox enzymes as catalysts to convert the chemical energy of bio‐derived fuels into electrical energy under mild and environmentally benign conditions. Unlike conventional fuel cells, EBFCs operate with high substrate specificity and biocompatibility, enabling applications ranging from sustainable energy generation to wearable and implantable biomedical devices. Recent advances in nanostructured electrode design, redox polymer mediators, and protein engineering have significantly enhanced electron transfer efficiency, power density, and operational stability. Hybrid configurations integrating supercapacitors, microfluidics, and flexible substrates further demonstrate EBFC potential in powering self‐sustained biosensors and controlled drug‐delivery systems. Nonetheless, critical challenges remain, including limited enzyme lifetime, restricted direct electron transfer due to structural constraints, mediator leaching, and difficulties in scaling for real‐world deployment. Future research directions emphasize the development of genetically engineered enzymes with improved durability, multifunctional nanostructured electrodes for higher loading and electron mobility, and hybrid bioelectronic platforms capable of delivering stable outputs for long‐term biomedical and environmental applications. This review highlights the fundamental principles, key components, technological advances, and persisting challenges in EBFCs, offering insights into pathways that can bridge laboratory‐scale prototypes to practical, sustainable, and clinically relevant power solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Fuel Cells is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/fuce.70081
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      – SubjectFull: Energy density
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      – SubjectFull: Oxidoreductases
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      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
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              Text: Apr2026
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