Surface functionalization techniques for improved additive manufacturing of aramids.

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Title: Surface functionalization techniques for improved additive manufacturing of aramids.
Authors: Kulkarni, Deepali Sanjay1 (AUTHOR), Indalkar, Amol2 (AUTHOR), Gupta, Shruti2 (AUTHOR), Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian2 (AUTHOR) meetkbs@gmail.com
Source: Bulletin of Materials Science. Jun2026, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p1-16. 16p.
Subjects: Aramid fibers, Fiber-matrix interfaces, Selective laser sintering, Solid freeform fabrication, Fused deposition modeling, Mechanical behavior of materials, Surface preparation, Composite materials
Abstract: Aramid fibres serve as exceptional reinforcements in composite materials owing to their combination of high modulus, superior specific strength and low density. Their remarkable properties make them well-suited for additive manufacturing (AM) applications. However, their smooth, chemically inert surface limits fibre–matrix bonding. Surface modifications enhance surface roughness and chemical activity, improving adhesion and composite performance. Unlike conventional methods, AM offers precise control over material distribution, fibre alignment and complex geometries, enabling lightweight, strong structures. Aramid fibre-reinforced polymers produced through AM show enhanced tensile strength, superior impact resistance and enhanced thermal stability, rendering them highly advantageous for aerospace, automotive and defence industries. Fused filament fabrication and selective laser sintering, which are the recent advancements in AM technologies, have improved fibre dispersion and orientation in both thermoplastic and thermosetting matrices, while reducing material waste and supporting sustainability. Despite these benefits, challenges like fibre breakage, anisotropic mechanical properties and poor interfacial adhesion persist. Future research should focus on printing parameter optimization, developing novel fibre–polymer compatibilization techniques, and exploring hybrid reinforcements to further improve AM-fabricated aramid composites. As AM evolves, it holds significant potential to transform composite manufacturing through enhanced design flexibility, efficiency and mechanical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Bulletin of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Surface functionalization techniques for improved additive manufacturing of aramids.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kulkarni%2C+Deepali+Sanjay%22">Kulkarni, Deepali Sanjay</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Indalkar%2C+Amol%22">Indalkar, Amol</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gupta%2C+Shruti%22">Gupta, Shruti</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kandasubramanian%2C+Balasubramanian%22">Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> meetkbs@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Bulletin+of+Materials+Science%22">Bulletin of Materials Science</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aramid+fibers%22">Aramid fibers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fiber-matrix+interfaces%22">Fiber-matrix interfaces</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Selective+laser+sintering%22">Selective laser sintering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid+freeform+fabrication%22">Solid freeform fabrication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fused+deposition+modeling%22">Fused deposition modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+preparation%22">Surface preparation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Aramid fibres serve as exceptional reinforcements in composite materials owing to their combination of high modulus, superior specific strength and low density. Their remarkable properties make them well-suited for additive manufacturing (AM) applications. However, their smooth, chemically inert surface limits fibre–matrix bonding. Surface modifications enhance surface roughness and chemical activity, improving adhesion and composite performance. Unlike conventional methods, AM offers precise control over material distribution, fibre alignment and complex geometries, enabling lightweight, strong structures. Aramid fibre-reinforced polymers produced through AM show enhanced tensile strength, superior impact resistance and enhanced thermal stability, rendering them highly advantageous for aerospace, automotive and defence industries. Fused filament fabrication and selective laser sintering, which are the recent advancements in AM technologies, have improved fibre dispersion and orientation in both thermoplastic and thermosetting matrices, while reducing material waste and supporting sustainability. Despite these benefits, challenges like fibre breakage, anisotropic mechanical properties and poor interfacial adhesion persist. Future research should focus on printing parameter optimization, developing novel fibre–polymer compatibilization techniques, and exploring hybrid reinforcements to further improve AM-fabricated aramid composites. As AM evolves, it holds significant potential to transform composite manufacturing through enhanced design flexibility, efficiency and mechanical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Bulletin of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s12034-025-03535-x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Aramid fibers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fiber-matrix interfaces
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Selective laser sintering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solid freeform fabrication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fused deposition modeling
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface preparation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Composite materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Surface functionalization techniques for improved additive manufacturing of aramids.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Kulkarni, Deepali Sanjay
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            NameFull: Indalkar, Amol
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            NameFull: Gupta, Shruti
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            NameFull: Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 49
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