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Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid derivatives based on polyether and their scale inhibition performance.

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Title: Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid derivatives based on polyether and their scale inhibition performance.
Authors: Liu, Fengwei1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Jingjing1 (AUTHOR), Zou, Xueqin1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jiaxi1,2 (AUTHOR) wangjiaxi@hebut.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Polymer Research. Apr2026, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p1-17. 17p.
Subjects: Sulfonic acid derivatives, Polyethers, Calcium sulfate, Chemical synthesis, Phase transitions, Calcium carbonate, Chemical decomposition, Fouling
Abstract: Three types of polyether-based sulfonic acid derivatives were synthesized via the reactions of amine-terminated polyether (ATPE), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with 1,3-propanesultone (1,3-PS). The resultant products were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and ESI-HRMS. Under the acidic catalysis of sulfonic acid, the C-N and C-O bonds in ATPE, PPG, PEG and their corresponding sulfonic acid derivatives underwent cleavage, generating mono amino polyethers, low molecular weight PPG and PEG, and the target sulfonic acid derivatives. All these products exhibited excellent scale inhibition performance against both calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. Static scale inhibition experiments revealed that product A4, which was prepared by reacting ATPE with 1,3-PS at a molar ratio of 1:4 at 110 °C for 15 h, achieved anti-scaling rates of 99.2% and 93.5% for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/L in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the introduction of the inhibitor induced a crystal phase transformation of calcium carbonate from the stable calcite to the meta stable aragonite and vaterite. In addition, the diffraction signals of the (021) and (041) crystal planes of calcium sulfate were significantly attenuated. Subsequent characterizations using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) further confirmed that the addition of the scale inhibitor led to the irregular growth and loose surface structure of calcium scales, thereby effectively suppressing calcium scale deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Polymer Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193394821
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid derivatives based on polyether and their scale inhibition performance.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Fengwei%22">Liu, Fengwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Jingjing%22">Liu, Jingjing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zou%2C+Xueqin%22">Zou, Xueqin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jiaxi%22">Wang, Jiaxi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangjiaxi@hebut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfonic+acid+derivatives%22">Sulfonic acid derivatives</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethers%22">Polyethers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+sulfate%22">Calcium sulfate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+synthesis%22">Chemical synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+carbonate%22">Calcium carbonate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+decomposition%22">Chemical decomposition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fouling%22">Fouling</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Three types of polyether-based sulfonic acid derivatives were synthesized via the reactions of amine-terminated polyether (ATPE), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with 1,3-propanesultone (1,3-PS). The resultant products were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and ESI-HRMS. Under the acidic catalysis of sulfonic acid, the C-N and C-O bonds in ATPE, PPG, PEG and their corresponding sulfonic acid derivatives underwent cleavage, generating mono amino polyethers, low molecular weight PPG and PEG, and the target sulfonic acid derivatives. All these products exhibited excellent scale inhibition performance against both calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. Static scale inhibition experiments revealed that product A4, which was prepared by reacting ATPE with 1,3-PS at a molar ratio of 1:4 at 110 °C for 15 h, achieved anti-scaling rates of 99.2% and 93.5% for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/L in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the introduction of the inhibitor induced a crystal phase transformation of calcium carbonate from the stable calcite to the meta stable aragonite and vaterite. In addition, the diffraction signals of the (021) and (041) crystal planes of calcium sulfate were significantly attenuated. Subsequent characterizations using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) further confirmed that the addition of the scale inhibitor led to the irregular growth and loose surface structure of calcium scales, thereby effectively suppressing calcium scale deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Polymer Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10965-026-04792-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sulfonic acid derivatives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyethers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium sulfate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase transitions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium carbonate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical decomposition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fouling
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid derivatives based on polyether and their scale inhibition performance.
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            NameFull: Liu, Fengwei
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            NameFull: Liu, Jingjing
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            NameFull: Zou, Xueqin
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            NameFull: Wang, Jiaxi
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 33
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Polymer Research
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