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Assessment of HIPIMS-Deposited TiN Nanostructured Thin Films as Hydrogen Permeation Barriers on Carbon Steel.

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Title: Assessment of HIPIMS-Deposited TiN Nanostructured Thin Films as Hydrogen Permeation Barriers on Carbon Steel.
Authors: González-Durán, Raúl1 (AUTHOR) rgonzalez2291@alumno.uned.es, Rodríguez-Prieto, Alvaro1 (AUTHOR), Camacho, Ana María1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 8, p1623. 18p.
Subjects: Titanium nitride films, Carbon steel, Magnetron sputtering, Nanofilms, Hydrogen embrittlement of metals
Abstract: Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) represents a critical degradation mechanism in carbon steel components operating in hydrogen-rich environments, such as those encountered in clean energy and petrochemical applications. This study evaluates the hydrogen permeation barrier performance of titanium nitride (TiN) nanostructured thin films deposited by High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) on SAE 1020 carbon steel substrates. Electrochemical permeation measurements were performed using the Devanathan–Stachurski dual-cell methodology in accordance with ASTM G148 and ISO 17081 standards. Key hydrogen transport parameters quantified include the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), lag time (tlag), and steady-state hydrogen oxidation current density. The TiN/carbon steel composite system exhibited tlag = 570 s, Deff = (2.68 ± 0.09) × 10−10 m2 s−1 and a steady-state hydrogen oxidation current density of 21.5 µA cm−2, corresponding to a permeation reduction factor (PRF) of 2.32 and a barrier efficiency of η = 56.9%. The superior barrier performance is attributed to the dense, low-defect microstructure characteristic of HiPIMS deposition. These results validate HiPIMS-deposited TiN as a robust hydrogen diffusion barrier, with the established performance metrics providing quantitative benchmarks for the design of hydrogen-resistant coatings in energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Assessment of HIPIMS-Deposited TiN Nanostructured Thin Films as Hydrogen Permeation Barriers on Carbon Steel.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+nitride+films%22">Titanium nitride films</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+steel%22">Carbon steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetron+sputtering%22">Magnetron sputtering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofilms%22">Nanofilms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+embrittlement+of+metals%22">Hydrogen embrittlement of metals</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) represents a critical degradation mechanism in carbon steel components operating in hydrogen-rich environments, such as those encountered in clean energy and petrochemical applications. This study evaluates the hydrogen permeation barrier performance of titanium nitride (TiN) nanostructured thin films deposited by High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) on SAE 1020 carbon steel substrates. Electrochemical permeation measurements were performed using the Devanathan–Stachurski dual-cell methodology in accordance with ASTM G148 and ISO 17081 standards. Key hydrogen transport parameters quantified include the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), lag time (tlag), and steady-state hydrogen oxidation current density. The TiN/carbon steel composite system exhibited tlag = 570 s, Deff = (2.68 ± 0.09) × 10−10 m2 s−1 and a steady-state hydrogen oxidation current density of 21.5 µA cm−2, corresponding to a permeation reduction factor (PRF) of 2.32 and a barrier efficiency of η = 56.9%. The superior barrier performance is attributed to the dense, low-defect microstructure characteristic of HiPIMS deposition. These results validate HiPIMS-deposited TiN as a robust hydrogen diffusion barrier, with the established performance metrics providing quantitative benchmarks for the design of hydrogen-resistant coatings in energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19081623
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon steel
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetron sputtering
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      – SubjectFull: Nanofilms
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      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen embrittlement of metals
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      – TitleFull: Assessment of HIPIMS-Deposited TiN Nanostructured Thin Films as Hydrogen Permeation Barriers on Carbon Steel.
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            NameFull: González-Durán, Raúl
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            NameFull: Rodríguez-Prieto, Alvaro
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            NameFull: Camacho, Ana María
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            – D: 15
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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