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Study on the Influence of Compaction Degree and Wall-Soil Friction Angle in TT Mode on the Active Failure Mechanism of Finite Soil Mass.

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Title: Study on the Influence of Compaction Degree and Wall-Soil Friction Angle in TT Mode on the Active Failure Mechanism of Finite Soil Mass.
Authors: Liu, Sanxian1 330224270@qq.com, Zeng, Yongqing2 yqzeng@hnist.edu.cn, Liu, Zhengfu3 597073225@qq.com, Long, Zuhui1 86073641@qq.com, Yin, Qiang1 313910030@qq.com, Lan, Hongyu1 373800740@qq.com, Liu, Xiaohong2 11991491@hnist.edu.cn
Source: Engineering Letters. May2026, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p1568-1578. 11p.
Subjects: Soil compaction, Earth pressure, Soil structure, Deformations (Mechanics)
Abstract: The failure mode of a finite soil mass is a key factor in calculating earth pressure. Through model tests and numerical simulations, this paper explores the influence of the compaction degree and wall-soil friction angle on the characteristics of active failure sliding surface and the law of earth pressure in the TT mode for finite soil mass. The research results show: (1) When the width-to-height ratio n=0.2, the active sliding surface is composed of 2 to 4 segments broken lines or 1 line segment. (2) By introducing the definition on "length factor" of the sliding surface, the length factor is fitted with the compaction degree, and the length factor is fitted with the wall-soil friction angle; the fitting formulas both show a highly linear correlation; the length factor is jointly studied with compaction degree and wall-soil friction angle to obtain a binary quadratic function, and the fitting formula shows a high correlation. (3) When the wall-soil friction angle δ≤0.4φ, the variation in the sliding surface geometry and earth pressure distribution remains minimal, and it can be assumed to be a smooth retaining wall. (4) As both the compaction degree and the wall-earth friction angle increase, the magnitude of earth pressure decreases correspondingly. These research findings provide foundational data for the theoretical development of active deformation and earth pressure analysis in finite soil, offering theoretical value and practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Engineering Letters is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Study on the Influence of Compaction Degree and Wall-Soil Friction Angle in TT Mode on the Active Failure Mechanism of Finite Soil Mass.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Sanxian%22">Liu, Sanxian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> 330224270@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zeng%2C+Yongqing%22">Zeng, Yongqing</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> yqzeng@hnist.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zhengfu%22">Liu, Zhengfu</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><i> 597073225@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Long%2C+Zuhui%22">Long, Zuhui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> 86073641@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yin%2C+Qiang%22">Yin, Qiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> 313910030@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lan%2C+Hongyu%22">Lan, Hongyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> 373800740@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Xiaohong%22">Liu, Xiaohong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> 11991491@hnist.edu.cn</i>
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Engineering+Letters%22">Engineering Letters</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p1568-1578. 11p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+compaction%22">Soil compaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth+pressure%22">Earth pressure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+structure%22">Soil structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deformations+%28Mechanics%29%22">Deformations (Mechanics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The failure mode of a finite soil mass is a key factor in calculating earth pressure. Through model tests and numerical simulations, this paper explores the influence of the compaction degree and wall-soil friction angle on the characteristics of active failure sliding surface and the law of earth pressure in the TT mode for finite soil mass. The research results show: (1) When the width-to-height ratio n=0.2, the active sliding surface is composed of 2 to 4 segments broken lines or 1 line segment. (2) By introducing the definition on "length factor" of the sliding surface, the length factor is fitted with the compaction degree, and the length factor is fitted with the wall-soil friction angle; the fitting formulas both show a highly linear correlation; the length factor is jointly studied with compaction degree and wall-soil friction angle to obtain a binary quadratic function, and the fitting formula shows a high correlation. (3) When the wall-soil friction angle δ≤0.4φ, the variation in the sliding surface geometry and earth pressure distribution remains minimal, and it can be assumed to be a smooth retaining wall. (4) As both the compaction degree and the wall-earth friction angle increase, the magnitude of earth pressure decreases correspondingly. These research findings provide foundational data for the theoretical development of active deformation and earth pressure analysis in finite soil, offering theoretical value and practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Engineering Letters is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1568
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Soil compaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earth pressure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Study on the Influence of Compaction Degree and Wall-Soil Friction Angle in TT Mode on the Active Failure Mechanism of Finite Soil Mass.
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            NameFull: Liu, Sanxian
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            NameFull: Zeng, Yongqing
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            NameFull: Liu, Zhengfu
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            NameFull: Long, Zuhui
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            NameFull: Yin, Qiang
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            NameFull: Lan, Hongyu
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            NameFull: Liu, Xiaohong
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 34
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            – TitleFull: Engineering Letters
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