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Evaluation of Dispersion Behavior and Practicality of PGPR@ZnO Nano-Hyperdispersant in DEHC.

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Title: Evaluation of Dispersion Behavior and Practicality of PGPR@ZnO Nano-Hyperdispersant in DEHC.
Authors: Zhang, Rui1,2 (AUTHOR), Abudu, Patiman2,3 (AUTHOR), Li, Xiaoqing3,4 (AUTHOR), Eli, Wumanjiang1,4 (AUTHOR) 13999116406@163.com
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Apr2026, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p455. 14p.
Subjects: Nanofluids, Colloidal stability, Stabilizing agents, Zinc oxide synthesis, Nanoparticles, Organic solvents, Coolants, Thermal conductivity
Abstract: To achieve stable dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the base fluid and enhance thermal conductivity (λ), a PGPR@ZnO nano-hyperdispersant was synthesized using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and ZnO. FT-IR and DSC confirmed the bonding interaction between PGPR and ZnO, and zeta potential analysis verified the steric hindrance effect that effectively inhibits particle agglomeration. The PGPR@ZnO was dispersed into di(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate (DEHC) by ultrasonication and stirring, yielding a stable DEHC-PGPR@ZnO nanofluid. This nanofluid achieved a 16.2% increase in λ while retaining the low viscosity and low pour point of the base fluid. Stability assessments showed consistent particle size main peaks before and after static and dynamic tests, with no obvious agglomeration peaks, average particle size variation below 6%, PDI below 0.3, and negligible zeta potential fluctuation. Following static and dynamic stability tests, the thermal conductivity decreased by 0.85% and 7.98%, respectively. These results indicate excellent dispersion stability and provide a valuable reference for evaluating the operational adaptability of the coolant. The nanofluid meets the basic standards for immersion coolants and exhibits a figure of merit (FOM) superior to most oil-based coolants. Compared with PAO2, it offers advantages in raw material availability and resistance to hydrolysis and acidification, providing research and practical foundation for the development of high-performance immersion coolants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Evaluation of Dispersion Behavior and Practicality of PGPR@ZnO Nano-Hyperdispersant in DEHC.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Rui%22">Zhang, Rui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abudu%2C+Patiman%22">Abudu, Patiman</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Xiaoqing%22">Li, Xiaoqing</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eli%2C+Wumanjiang%22">Eli, Wumanjiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 13999116406@163.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p455. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofluids%22">Nanofluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colloidal+stability%22">Colloidal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stabilizing+agents%22">Stabilizing agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc+oxide+synthesis%22">Zinc oxide synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+solvents%22">Organic solvents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coolants%22">Coolants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+conductivity%22">Thermal conductivity</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To achieve stable dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the base fluid and enhance thermal conductivity (λ), a PGPR@ZnO nano-hyperdispersant was synthesized using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and ZnO. FT-IR and DSC confirmed the bonding interaction between PGPR and ZnO, and zeta potential analysis verified the steric hindrance effect that effectively inhibits particle agglomeration. The PGPR@ZnO was dispersed into di(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate (DEHC) by ultrasonication and stirring, yielding a stable DEHC-PGPR@ZnO nanofluid. This nanofluid achieved a 16.2% increase in λ while retaining the low viscosity and low pour point of the base fluid. Stability assessments showed consistent particle size main peaks before and after static and dynamic tests, with no obvious agglomeration peaks, average particle size variation below 6%, PDI below 0.3, and negligible zeta potential fluctuation. Following static and dynamic stability tests, the thermal conductivity decreased by 0.85% and 7.98%, respectively. These results indicate excellent dispersion stability and provide a valuable reference for evaluating the operational adaptability of the coolant. The nanofluid meets the basic standards for immersion coolants and exhibits a figure of merit (FOM) superior to most oil-based coolants. Compared with PAO2, it offers advantages in raw material availability and resistance to hydrolysis and acidification, providing research and practical foundation for the development of high-performance immersion coolants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16080455
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 455
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      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Colloidal stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stabilizing agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Zinc oxide synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Organic solvents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coolants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal conductivity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaluation of Dispersion Behavior and Practicality of PGPR@ZnO Nano-Hyperdispersant in DEHC.
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            NameFull: Zhang, Rui
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            NameFull: Abudu, Patiman
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            NameFull: Li, Xiaoqing
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            NameFull: Eli, Wumanjiang
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            – D: 15
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
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              Y: 2026
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