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Microanalysis of Hornblende for Fluorine and Chlorine: Impact of Analytical Parameters on Accuracy and Detection Limits.

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Title: Microanalysis of Hornblende for Fluorine and Chlorine: Impact of Analytical Parameters on Accuracy and Detection Limits.
Authors: Wang, Juan1 (AUTHOR) 2018800138@hfut.edu.cn, Shi, Yonghong1 (AUTHOR), Peng, Chunlei1 (AUTHOR), Tang, Guoxin1 (AUTHOR), Yi, Zihan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Geostandards & Geoanalytical Research. Jun2026, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p419-436. 18p.
Subjects: Hornblende, Electron probe microanalysis, Detection limit, Fluorine compounds, Geological research, Hydrothermal alteration, Analytical chemistry
Abstract: The F and Cl contents in hornblende are critical for geological studies, but their accurate determination by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) faces technical challenges. Existing "dual current" methods for major and trace elements are limited by instrumentation and data volume, and cannot meet large‐scale analytical needs. This study systematically evaluates EPMA parameters to establish general conditions for "single current" in situ determination of major elements, F and Cl in hornblende. Results show optimal F counting stability on TAP/LDE1 crystals at 0–5 μm beam sizes. Long dwell times with high currents reduce DLs to 11 μg g‐1 (F) and 2 μg g‐1 (Cl), with BG ± 10 mm yielding lower DLs than ±5 mm. However, currents beyond 100 nA cause loss of major components (notably SiO2), so moderate currents are safer. For hornblende F determination, accuracy prioritises PHA setting > BG correction > probe current > counting time > reference material selection > beam size, whereas Cl is less parameter‐sensitive. A general parameter set for simultaneous in situ major element, F and Cl determination in hornblende is established, with results consistent with literature values for the Kakanui and Arenal hornblende reference materials. This method can be applied to research on magmatic‐hydrothermal evolution, metamorphism and subduction‐zone cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geostandards & Geoanalytical Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193465385
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Microanalysis of Hornblende for Fluorine and Chlorine: Impact of Analytical Parameters on Accuracy and Detection Limits.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Juan%22">Wang, Juan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 2018800138@hfut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Yonghong%22">Shi, Yonghong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Chunlei%22">Peng, Chunlei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Guoxin%22">Tang, Guoxin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yi%2C+Zihan%22">Yi, Zihan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Geostandards+%26+Geoanalytical+Research%22">Geostandards & Geoanalytical Research</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p419-436. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hornblende%22">Hornblende</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+probe+microanalysis%22">Electron probe microanalysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detection+limit%22">Detection limit</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorine+compounds%22">Fluorine compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geological+research%22">Geological research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+alteration%22">Hydrothermal alteration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+chemistry%22">Analytical chemistry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The F and Cl contents in hornblende are critical for geological studies, but their accurate determination by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) faces technical challenges. Existing "dual current" methods for major and trace elements are limited by instrumentation and data volume, and cannot meet large‐scale analytical needs. This study systematically evaluates EPMA parameters to establish general conditions for "single current" in situ determination of major elements, F and Cl in hornblende. Results show optimal F counting stability on TAP/LDE1 crystals at 0–5 μm beam sizes. Long dwell times with high currents reduce DLs to 11 μg g‐1 (F) and 2 μg g‐1 (Cl), with BG ± 10 mm yielding lower DLs than ±5 mm. However, currents beyond 100 nA cause loss of major components (notably SiO2), so moderate currents are safer. For hornblende F determination, accuracy prioritises PHA setting > BG correction > probe current > counting time > reference material selection > beam size, whereas Cl is less parameter‐sensitive. A general parameter set for simultaneous in situ major element, F and Cl determination in hornblende is established, with results consistent with literature values for the Kakanui and Arenal hornblende reference materials. This method can be applied to research on magmatic‐hydrothermal evolution, metamorphism and subduction‐zone cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Geostandards & Geoanalytical Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/ggr.70036
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 419
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hornblende
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electron probe microanalysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Detection limit
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluorine compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geological research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal alteration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analytical chemistry
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Microanalysis of Hornblende for Fluorine and Chlorine: Impact of Analytical Parameters on Accuracy and Detection Limits.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wang, Juan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shi, Yonghong
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Peng, Chunlei
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tang, Guoxin
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            NameFull: Yi, Zihan
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 16394488
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              Value: 50
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              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Geostandards & Geoanalytical Research
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