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Seismic Behavior of External Socket Connections for Reinforced Concrete Columns.

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Title: Seismic Behavior of External Socket Connections for Reinforced Concrete Columns.
Authors: Samayoa, Julio A.1, Proestos, Giorgio T.2, Kowalsky, Mervyn J.3
Source: ACI Structural Journal. May2026, Vol. 123 Issue 3, p239-252. 14p.
Subjects: Concrete columns, Joints (Engineering), Grout (Mortar), Seismic response, Material plasticity, Empirical research, Failure mode & effects analysis
Abstract: This study uses six large-scale experimental tests to investigate the seismic behavior of external socket connections for reinforced concrete columns. The tests evaluated the effects of key design parameters, including socket height and grout strength, on the performance of these connections under reverse cyclic lateral loads. The results indicate that socket height significantly affects whether the plastic hinge forms in the column above the connection or inside the socket and influences the required strength of the structural components. Shorter socket heights required higher grout strengths and increased shear capacity to avoid undesirable failure modes. Three primary failure modes were observed: grout crushing, shear failure, and flexural failure above the socket. Regardless of socket height, all tests showed that external socket connections effectively protect adjoining structural members by limiting plastic strain demands. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the design and performance of external socket connections in seismic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ACI Structural Journal is the property of American Concrete Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Seismic Behavior of External Socket Connections for Reinforced Concrete Columns.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samayoa%2C+Julio+A%2E%22">Samayoa, Julio A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Proestos%2C+Giorgio+T%2E%22">Proestos, Giorgio T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kowalsky%2C+Mervyn+J%2E%22">Kowalsky, Mervyn J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22ACI+Structural+Journal%22">ACI Structural Journal</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 123 Issue 3, p239-252. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Concrete+columns%22">Concrete columns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Joints+%28Engineering%29%22">Joints (Engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grout+%28Mortar%29%22">Grout (Mortar)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+response%22">Seismic response</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Material+plasticity%22">Material plasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Empirical+research%22">Empirical research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Failure+mode+%26+effects+analysis%22">Failure mode & effects analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study uses six large-scale experimental tests to investigate the seismic behavior of external socket connections for reinforced concrete columns. The tests evaluated the effects of key design parameters, including socket height and grout strength, on the performance of these connections under reverse cyclic lateral loads. The results indicate that socket height significantly affects whether the plastic hinge forms in the column above the connection or inside the socket and influences the required strength of the structural components. Shorter socket heights required higher grout strengths and increased shear capacity to avoid undesirable failure modes. Three primary failure modes were observed: grout crushing, shear failure, and flexural failure above the socket. Regardless of socket height, all tests showed that external socket connections effectively protect adjoining structural members by limiting plastic strain demands. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the design and performance of external socket connections in seismic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of ACI Structural Journal is the property of American Concrete Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.14359/51749376
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 239
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Concrete columns
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Joints (Engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grout (Mortar)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seismic response
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Material plasticity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Empirical research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Failure mode & effects analysis
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Seismic Behavior of External Socket Connections for Reinforced Concrete Columns.
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            NameFull: Proestos, Giorgio T.
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            NameFull: Kowalsky, Mervyn J.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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