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Investigation of microstructural changes and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after forging for biomaterials application.

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Title: Investigation of microstructural changes and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after forging for biomaterials application.
Authors: Kavanlouei, Majid1 (AUTHOR) m.kavanlouei@urmia.ac.ir, Shahbaz, Mehrdad1 (AUTHOR), yaldagard, Maryam2 (AUTHOR), Kim, Sang Sub3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology. May2026, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p346-359. 14p.
Subjects: Forging (Manufacturing process), Microstructure, Corrosion resistance, Electrochemical analysis, Artificial implants, Thermomechanical treatment, Alloys, Biomaterials
Abstract: This study discusses the effect of the thermomechanical process on the microstructure and electrochemical behavior of a Ti6Al4V extra-low interstitial (ELI) material, which is commonly used as a load-bearing biomaterial implant. The effect of the thermomechanical process on the morphology and distribution of (α and β) phases was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The crystallographic features during the thermomechanical process were characterized thoroughly by different methods, such as the Williamson–Hall and Debye-Scherrer equation using the XRD pattern. The use of the potentiodynamic method and EIS was employed to examine the corrosion characteristics of processed alloy in Ringer's and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions at different pH values. The corrosion kinetic parameters were calculated via Tafel extrapolation analysis and AC impedance analysis. The results showed that the microstructure (percentage of alpha and beta phases, crystallite size, and microstrain) changed significantly during the forging process. Moreover, the corrosion current density for the forged sample in PBS with different pH values differed from that of the raw alloy. It exhibited a smaller range (0.1–0.3 µA cm−2 at room temperature) with respect to the raw alloy. In addition, the thermomechanically processed alloy in the Ringer's and PBS solutions exhibited different behaviors. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Ti6Al4V's behavior in biomedical applications by elucidating the interplay between forging, microstructure, and corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193525899
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Investigation of microstructural changes and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after forging for biomaterials application.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Corrosion+Engineering%2C+Science+%26+Technology%22">Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p346-359. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forging+%28Manufacturing+process%29%22">Forging (Manufacturing process)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corrosion+resistance%22">Corrosion resistance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrochemical+analysis%22">Electrochemical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+implants%22">Artificial implants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermomechanical+treatment%22">Thermomechanical treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alloys%22">Alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomaterials%22">Biomaterials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study discusses the effect of the thermomechanical process on the microstructure and electrochemical behavior of a Ti6Al4V extra-low interstitial (ELI) material, which is commonly used as a load-bearing biomaterial implant. The effect of the thermomechanical process on the morphology and distribution of (α and β) phases was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The crystallographic features during the thermomechanical process were characterized thoroughly by different methods, such as the Williamson–Hall and Debye-Scherrer equation using the XRD pattern. The use of the potentiodynamic method and EIS was employed to examine the corrosion characteristics of processed alloy in Ringer's and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions at different pH values. The corrosion kinetic parameters were calculated via Tafel extrapolation analysis and AC impedance analysis. The results showed that the microstructure (percentage of alpha and beta phases, crystallite size, and microstrain) changed significantly during the forging process. Moreover, the corrosion current density for the forged sample in PBS with different pH values differed from that of the raw alloy. It exhibited a smaller range (0.1–0.3 µA cm−2 at room temperature) with respect to the raw alloy. In addition, the thermomechanically processed alloy in the Ringer's and PBS solutions exhibited different behaviors. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Ti6Al4V's behavior in biomedical applications by elucidating the interplay between forging, microstructure, and corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1177/1478422X251414248
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 346
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Forging (Manufacturing process)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Corrosion resistance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrochemical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial implants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermomechanical treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomaterials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Investigation of microstructural changes and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after forging for biomaterials application.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Kavanlouei, Majid
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            NameFull: Shahbaz, Mehrdad
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            NameFull: yaldagard, Maryam
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            NameFull: Kim, Sang Sub
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 61
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            – TitleFull: Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology
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