GO-supported bimetallic accelerator containing Zn and La for efficient low-temperature vulcanization of rubber composites.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	GO-supported bimetallic accelerator containing Zn and La for efficient low-temperature vulcanization of rubber composites.
Authors:	Qin, Wu¹, Zhang, Rui¹, Zheng, Long² lzheng@wtu.edu.cn, Wang, Danling³, Chen, Sheng³, Ren, Huiming³, Hu, Shui¹, Wen, Shipeng¹ wensp@mail.buct.edu.cn
Source:	Express Polymer Letters. Jun2026, Vol. 20 Issue 6, p551-562. 12p.
Subjects:	Vulcanization, Bimetallic catalysts, Graphene oxide, Zinc, Reinforcement of rubber, Energy consumption, Lanthanum
Abstract:	Conventional sulfur vulcanization in rubber manufacturing depends on elevated curing temperatures and zinc oxide activators, resulting in high energy consumption and increasing environmental concerns associated with zinc release. To overcome these limitations, a novel graphene oxide (GO)-supported rare-earth-containing accelerator (GO–LZC) was designed by coordinating lanthanum(III) and zinc(II) ions with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DC). At the same time, the oxygen-containing groups on GO further participated in ligand coordination. The resulting GO-immobilized complex exhibits a well-defined chelating structure and uniform nanoscale dispersion, which together enhance the accessibility and reactivity of active sulfurating species during curing. When incorporated into solution-polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR), GO–LZC markedly promotes crosslink formation at reduced thermal input. Kinetic analysis reveals a substantial decrease in the apparent activation energy, and curing and mechanical tests confirm that efficient vulcanization can be achieved at 130°C, representing a 20–40 °C reduction relative to typical industrial curing conditions. This work demonstrates a viable strategy for developing low-zinc, energy-efficient, and high-performance vulcanization systems. It highlights the potential of rare-earth/GO hybrid catalysts for sustainable rubber processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	Conventional sulfur vulcanization in rubber manufacturing depends on elevated curing temperatures and zinc oxide activators, resulting in high energy consumption and increasing environmental concerns associated with zinc release. To overcome these limitations, a novel graphene oxide (GO)-supported rare-earth-containing accelerator (GO–LZC) was designed by coordinating lanthanum(III) and zinc(II) ions with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DC). At the same time, the oxygen-containing groups on GO further participated in ligand coordination. The resulting GO-immobilized complex exhibits a well-defined chelating structure and uniform nanoscale dispersion, which together enhance the accessibility and reactivity of active sulfurating species during curing. When incorporated into solution-polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR), GO–LZC markedly promotes crosslink formation at reduced thermal input. Kinetic analysis reveals a substantial decrease in the apparent activation energy, and curing and mechanical tests confirm that efficient vulcanization can be achieved at 130°C, representing a 20–40 °C reduction relative to typical industrial curing conditions. This work demonstrates a viable strategy for developing low-zinc, energy-efficient, and high-performance vulcanization systems. It highlights the potential of rare-earth/GO hybrid catalysts for sustainable rubber processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	1788618X
DOI:	10.3144/expresspolymlett.2026.42