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Highly Efficient Al/CuO/Bi2O3 Nanothermite for Micropropulsion Applications.

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Title: Highly Efficient Al/CuO/Bi2O3 Nanothermite for Micropropulsion Applications.
Authors: Sharma, Manisha1 (AUTHOR) misha.sharma9095@gmail.com, Rahul1 (AUTHOR), Sharma, Vimal2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance. May2026, Vol. 35 Issue 17, p17093-17107. 15p.
Subjects: Bismuth trioxide, Impulse (Physics), Rocket engines, Heat of reaction, Measurement, Copper oxide films
Abstract: This study aims to develop and evaluate a high-energy ternary Aluminum Al 1.2 /copper oxide CuO n /bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3) 1.2 - n nanothermite with varying oxidizer compositions for micropropulsion applications. A series of nanothermites were prepared using physical mixing by varying the mole fractions of CuO nanoparticles (n) and Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles (1.2-n), and their performance was assessed based on exothermic energy release and specific impulse. Microscale straight thrusters without nozzles were used to measure thrust generation over time using force sensor data. Total impulse and specific impulse were then calculated from the obtained thrust-time data. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to analyze the energy release of the nanothermite samples, while x-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine their chemical composition. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a homogeneous distribution of fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles within the samples. The study found that the energy release of the Al/CuO/ Bi 2 O 3 nanothermite increased with higher Bi 2 O 3 content, reaching a maximum at 0.3 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles, with a total energy release of 856 J/g. Similarly, specific impulse values exhibited a similar trend, with the highest value of 82.53 s observed for the nanothermite containing 0.4 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:This study aims to develop and evaluate a high-energy ternary Aluminum Al 1.2 /copper oxide CuO n /bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3) 1.2 - n nanothermite with varying oxidizer compositions for micropropulsion applications. A series of nanothermites were prepared using physical mixing by varying the mole fractions of CuO nanoparticles (n) and Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles (1.2-n), and their performance was assessed based on exothermic energy release and specific impulse. Microscale straight thrusters without nozzles were used to measure thrust generation over time using force sensor data. Total impulse and specific impulse were then calculated from the obtained thrust-time data. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to analyze the energy release of the nanothermite samples, while x-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine their chemical composition. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a homogeneous distribution of fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles within the samples. The study found that the energy release of the Al/CuO/ Bi 2 O 3 nanothermite increased with higher Bi 2 O 3 content, reaching a maximum at 0.3 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles, with a total energy release of 856 J/g. Similarly, specific impulse values exhibited a similar trend, with the highest value of 82.53 s observed for the nanothermite containing 0.4 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10599495
DOI:10.1007/s11665-025-12827-6