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Highly Efficient Al/CuO/Bi2O3 Nanothermite for Micropropulsion Applications.

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Title: Highly Efficient Al/CuO/Bi2O3 Nanothermite for Micropropulsion Applications.
Authors: Sharma, Manisha1 (AUTHOR) misha.sharma9095@gmail.com, Rahul1 (AUTHOR), Sharma, Vimal2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance. May2026, Vol. 35 Issue 17, p17093-17107. 15p.
Subjects: Bismuth trioxide, Impulse (Physics), Rocket engines, Heat of reaction, Measurement, Copper oxide films
Abstract: This study aims to develop and evaluate a high-energy ternary Aluminum Al 1.2 /copper oxide CuO n /bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3) 1.2 - n nanothermite with varying oxidizer compositions for micropropulsion applications. A series of nanothermites were prepared using physical mixing by varying the mole fractions of CuO nanoparticles (n) and Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles (1.2-n), and their performance was assessed based on exothermic energy release and specific impulse. Microscale straight thrusters without nozzles were used to measure thrust generation over time using force sensor data. Total impulse and specific impulse were then calculated from the obtained thrust-time data. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to analyze the energy release of the nanothermite samples, while x-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine their chemical composition. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a homogeneous distribution of fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles within the samples. The study found that the energy release of the Al/CuO/ Bi 2 O 3 nanothermite increased with higher Bi 2 O 3 content, reaching a maximum at 0.3 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles, with a total energy release of 856 J/g. Similarly, specific impulse values exhibited a similar trend, with the highest value of 82.53 s observed for the nanothermite containing 0.4 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Highly Efficient Al/CuO/Bi<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>3</subscript> Nanothermite for Micropropulsion Applications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharma%2C+Manisha%22">Sharma, Manisha</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> misha.sharma9095@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rahul%22">Rahul</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharma%2C+Vimal%22">Sharma, Vimal</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Materials+Engineering+%26+Performance%22">Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 35 Issue 17, p17093-17107. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bismuth+trioxide%22">Bismuth trioxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impulse+%28Physics%29%22">Impulse (Physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rocket+engines%22">Rocket engines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+of+reaction%22">Heat of reaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement%22">Measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper+oxide+films%22">Copper oxide films</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Group: Ab
  Data: This study aims to develop and evaluate a high-energy ternary Aluminum Al 1.2 /copper oxide CuO n /bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3) 1.2 - n nanothermite with varying oxidizer compositions for micropropulsion applications. A series of nanothermites were prepared using physical mixing by varying the mole fractions of CuO nanoparticles (n) and Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles (1.2-n), and their performance was assessed based on exothermic energy release and specific impulse. Microscale straight thrusters without nozzles were used to measure thrust generation over time using force sensor data. Total impulse and specific impulse were then calculated from the obtained thrust-time data. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to analyze the energy release of the nanothermite samples, while x-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine their chemical composition. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a homogeneous distribution of fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles within the samples. The study found that the energy release of the Al/CuO/ Bi 2 O 3 nanothermite increased with higher Bi 2 O 3 content, reaching a maximum at 0.3 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles, with a total energy release of 856 J/g. Similarly, specific impulse values exhibited a similar trend, with the highest value of 82.53 s observed for the nanothermite containing 0.4 moles of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11665-025-12827-6
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 17093
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      – SubjectFull: Bismuth trioxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Impulse (Physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rocket engines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat of reaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Copper oxide films
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Highly Efficient Al/CuO/Bi2O3 Nanothermite for Micropropulsion Applications.
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            NameFull: Sharma, Manisha
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            NameFull: Rahul
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            NameFull: Sharma, Vimal
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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