Cellulose nanocrystals: Synthesis procedures and characterization techniques.

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Title: Cellulose nanocrystals: Synthesis procedures and characterization techniques.
Alternate Title: Selüloz nanokristaller: Sentez prosedürleri, karakterizasyon teknikleri.
Authors: Kayahan, Enfal1 ekayahan@pau.edu.tr
Source: Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences. 2026, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p384-403. 20p.
Subjects: Cellulose nanocrystals, Test methods, Sustainability, Biodegradable materials, Chemical synthesis, Renewable natural resources, Plant biomass, Biomaterials
Abstract (English): The production of renewable materials from lignocellulosic materials through various processes has become a significant research area for scientists, leading to the emergence of novel materials such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The development of these bio-based materials not only contributes to the expansion of fundamental knowledge and the creation of innovative processes but also facilitates the widespread application of cellulosic nanomaterials across various engineering disciplines. In addition to being biodegradable and biocompatible, their production from agricultural and industrial waste makes cellulosic nanomaterials environmentally sustainable, thereby increasing researchers' interest in the field. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest developments in the production processes, raw material sources, and characterization methods of cellulosic nanomaterials, with a particular focus on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Turkish): Lignoselülozik materyallerden çeşitli proseslerle yenilenebilir malzemeler üretmek, bilim insanları için önemli bir araştırma alanı haline gelmiş ve bu süreç, selüloz nanokristal (SNK) ve selüloz nanofibril (SNF) gibi yeni malzemelerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bahsi geçen biyo-bazlı malzemelerin geliştirilmesi, temel bilgi birikiminin artmasına ve yenilikçi proseslerin oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunurken, selülozik nano malzemelerin çeşitli mühendislik disiplinlerinde yaygın kullanımına da zemin hazırlamıştır. Biyobozunur ve biyouyumlu olmalarının yanı sıra, tarımsal ve endüstriyel atıklardan dahi üretilebilmeleri, selülozik nanomalzemeleri çevresel açıdan sürdürülebilir hale getirmekte ve bu nedenle araştırmacıların konuya ilişkin ilgisi giderek artırmaktadır. Bu derleme makalesi, selüloz nanokristaller (SNK) başta olmak üzere selülozik nanomalzemelerin (SNF) üretim süreçleri, elde edildikleri kaynaklar, karakterizasyon yöntemleri ilişkin güncel gelişmeleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences (PAJES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Cellulose nanocrystals: Synthesis procedures and characterization techniques.
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  Data: Selüloz nanokristaller: Sentez prosedürleri, karakterizasyon teknikleri.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kayahan%2C+Enfal%22">Kayahan, Enfal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ekayahan@pau.edu.tr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Pamukkale+University+Journal+of+Engineering+Sciences%22">Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p384-403. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cellulose+nanocrystals%22">Cellulose nanocrystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+methods%22">Test methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodegradable+materials%22">Biodegradable materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+synthesis%22">Chemical synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+natural+resources%22">Renewable natural resources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+biomass%22">Plant biomass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomaterials%22">Biomaterials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: The production of renewable materials from lignocellulosic materials through various processes has become a significant research area for scientists, leading to the emergence of novel materials such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The development of these bio-based materials not only contributes to the expansion of fundamental knowledge and the creation of innovative processes but also facilitates the widespread application of cellulosic nanomaterials across various engineering disciplines. In addition to being biodegradable and biocompatible, their production from agricultural and industrial waste makes cellulosic nanomaterials environmentally sustainable, thereby increasing researchers' interest in the field. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest developments in the production processes, raw material sources, and characterization methods of cellulosic nanomaterials, with a particular focus on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Turkish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Lignoselülozik materyallerden çeşitli proseslerle yenilenebilir malzemeler üretmek, bilim insanları için önemli bir araştırma alanı haline gelmiş ve bu süreç, selüloz nanokristal (SNK) ve selüloz nanofibril (SNF) gibi yeni malzemelerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bahsi geçen biyo-bazlı malzemelerin geliştirilmesi, temel bilgi birikiminin artmasına ve yenilikçi proseslerin oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunurken, selülozik nano malzemelerin çeşitli mühendislik disiplinlerinde yaygın kullanımına da zemin hazırlamıştır. Biyobozunur ve biyouyumlu olmalarının yanı sıra, tarımsal ve endüstriyel atıklardan dahi üretilebilmeleri, selülozik nanomalzemeleri çevresel açıdan sürdürülebilir hale getirmekte ve bu nedenle araştırmacıların konuya ilişkin ilgisi giderek artırmaktadır. Bu derleme makalesi, selüloz nanokristaller (SNK) başta olmak üzere selülozik nanomalzemelerin (SNF) üretim süreçleri, elde edildikleri kaynaklar, karakterizasyon yöntemleri ilişkin güncel gelişmeleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences (PAJES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.5505/pajes.2025.37888
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 384
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cellulose nanocrystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sustainability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biodegradable materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable natural resources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant biomass
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomaterials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Cellulose nanocrystals: Synthesis procedures and characterization techniques.
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            NameFull: Kayahan, Enfal
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 32
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            – TitleFull: Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences
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