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Double-Edge Effect of Dislocation Cell Structures on the Recrystallization of Additive Manufactured Commercially Pure Nickel.

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Title: Double-Edge Effect of Dislocation Cell Structures on the Recrystallization of Additive Manufactured Commercially Pure Nickel.
Authors: Chang, Yen-Ting1 (AUTHOR) ytchang3@illinois.edu, Charpagne, Marie A.1 (AUTHOR) mcharp@illinois.edu
Source: JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). Jun2026, Vol. 78 Issue 6, p5482-5493. 12p.
Subjects: Recrystallization (Metallurgy), Dislocation structure, Nickel, Face centered cubic structure, Microstructure, Heat treatment, Electron microscopy, Three-dimensional printing
Abstract: Recrystallizing additive manufactured alloys, such as stainless steels or nickel-base superalloys, requires high homologous temperatures and longer annealing times compared with their wrought counterpart. Subject to thermal cycling during printing, additive manufactured alloys retain thermal strain equivalent to a few percent stored under the form of dislocation cell structures, an inherent driving force to recrystallization. Opposing effects such as solute drag and grain boundary particle pinning have been proposed to explain the sluggish recrystallization kinetics. Here, we decouple these antagonist effects by characterizing the recrystallization mechanisms of commercially pure nickel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. We observe sluggish recrystallization and rationalize this finding via multi-scale electron microscopy on interrupted annealing treatments. While cellular structures promote the necessary driving force for nucleation and strain-induced boundary migration, they simultaneously hinder the migration of the front by forming stable arrangements during annealing. The recrystallized microstructure presents relatively large twin-related domains with remnant crystallographic texture, drastically differing from wrought FCC alloys. Annealing twinning actively participates in boundary migration but is limited because of unfavorable curvature at the recrystallization front as it is pinned by dislocation cell structures. These findings can reasonably be generalized to most FCC alloys fabricated via AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193654182
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Double-Edge Effect of Dislocation Cell Structures on the Recrystallization of Additive Manufactured Commercially Pure Nickel.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recrystallization+%28Metallurgy%29%22">Recrystallization (Metallurgy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dislocation+structure%22">Dislocation structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nickel%22">Nickel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Face+centered+cubic+structure%22">Face centered cubic structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+treatment%22">Heat treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+microscopy%22">Electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+printing%22">Three-dimensional printing</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Recrystallizing additive manufactured alloys, such as stainless steels or nickel-base superalloys, requires high homologous temperatures and longer annealing times compared with their wrought counterpart. Subject to thermal cycling during printing, additive manufactured alloys retain thermal strain equivalent to a few percent stored under the form of dislocation cell structures, an inherent driving force to recrystallization. Opposing effects such as solute drag and grain boundary particle pinning have been proposed to explain the sluggish recrystallization kinetics. Here, we decouple these antagonist effects by characterizing the recrystallization mechanisms of commercially pure nickel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. We observe sluggish recrystallization and rationalize this finding via multi-scale electron microscopy on interrupted annealing treatments. While cellular structures promote the necessary driving force for nucleation and strain-induced boundary migration, they simultaneously hinder the migration of the front by forming stable arrangements during annealing. The recrystallized microstructure presents relatively large twin-related domains with remnant crystallographic texture, drastically differing from wrought FCC alloys. Annealing twinning actively participates in boundary migration but is limited because of unfavorable curvature at the recrystallization front as it is pinned by dislocation cell structures. These findings can reasonably be generalized to most FCC alloys fabricated via AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11837-026-08210-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 5482
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Recrystallization (Metallurgy)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dislocation structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nickel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Face centered cubic structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electron microscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional printing
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Double-Edge Effect of Dislocation Cell Structures on the Recrystallization of Additive Manufactured Commercially Pure Nickel.
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            NameFull: Chang, Yen-Ting
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            NameFull: Charpagne, Marie A.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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