Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on allergen-related protein degradation and physicochemical properties in a raw soybean-based extrusion system.
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| Title: | Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on allergen-related protein degradation and physicochemical properties in a raw soybean-based extrusion system. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Lim, Hyewon1 (AUTHOR), Cui, Shuo1 (AUTHOR), Park, Sungkwon1 (AUTHOR) sungkwonpark@sejong.ac.kr |
| Source: | LWT - Food Science & Technology. Jun2026, Vol. 249, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. |
| Subjects: | Proteolysis, Soy proteins, Protein structure, Extrusion process, Chemical properties, Hydrolases, Surface morphology |
| Abstract: | In this study, raw soybean-based extrudates (RSBE) were used as model products to evaluate the effects of enzymatic pretreatment on allergen-related proteins, structure formation, and physicochemical properties. Soybeans were subjected to controlled hydrolysis using flavourzyme, bromelain, or papain to achieve graded protein fragmentation. Enzymatic treatment enhanced protein extractability, with papain yielding the highest soluble protein content, whereas SDS-PAGE showed progressive degradation of major allergen-related proteins, including β-conglycinin, glycinin subunits, and Gly m Bd 30K. Bromelain induced the most extensive proteolysis. Western blot analysis revealed a marked reduction in immunoreactive protein bands, suggesting reduced antibody-recognizable immunoreactivity beyond molecular weight reduction alone. During low-moisture extrusion, enzymatically hydrolyzed soybeans remained processable but exhibited pronounced changes in surface morphology, color, and structural integrity compared with the untreated control. Texture profile analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray micro-computed tomography consistently demonstrated that protein hydrolysis impaired the continuity of the extruded protein network, while proximate composition was only minimally affected. Overall, these results reveal a structure–function trade-off in which enzymatic hydrolysis effectively reduces soybean allergen-related proteins but compromises protein network formation during extrusion, providing mechanistic insight into how allergen-related protein degradation through enzymatic hydrolysis influences subsequent structure formation and texture-related functionality during extrusion. • Enzymatic hydrolysis promoted protease-dependent degradation of soybean allergen-related proteins. • Major allergen-related proteins, including β-conglycinin and Gly m Bd 30K, were reduced after hydrolysis. • Protein hydrolysis significantly affected the extrusion behavior of raw soybean-based extrudates. • Structural integrity and textural properties of RSBE were altered by enzymatic pretreatment. • A trade-off was observed between allergen-related protein reduction and structural functionality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of LWT - Food Science & Technology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 193684135 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on allergen-related protein degradation and physicochemical properties in a raw soybean-based extrusion system. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lim%2C+Hyewon%22">Lim, Hyewon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cui%2C+Shuo%22">Cui, Shuo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Park%2C+Sungkwon%22">Park, Sungkwon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sungkwonpark@sejong.ac.kr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22LWT+-+Food+Science+%26+Technology%22">LWT - Food Science & Technology</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 249, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Proteolysis%22">Proteolysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soy+proteins%22">Soy proteins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protein+structure%22">Protein structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extrusion+process%22">Extrusion process</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+properties%22">Chemical properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrolases%22">Hydrolases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+morphology%22">Surface morphology</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In this study, raw soybean-based extrudates (RSBE) were used as model products to evaluate the effects of enzymatic pretreatment on allergen-related proteins, structure formation, and physicochemical properties. Soybeans were subjected to controlled hydrolysis using flavourzyme, bromelain, or papain to achieve graded protein fragmentation. Enzymatic treatment enhanced protein extractability, with papain yielding the highest soluble protein content, whereas SDS-PAGE showed progressive degradation of major allergen-related proteins, including β-conglycinin, glycinin subunits, and Gly m Bd 30K. Bromelain induced the most extensive proteolysis. Western blot analysis revealed a marked reduction in immunoreactive protein bands, suggesting reduced antibody-recognizable immunoreactivity beyond molecular weight reduction alone. During low-moisture extrusion, enzymatically hydrolyzed soybeans remained processable but exhibited pronounced changes in surface morphology, color, and structural integrity compared with the untreated control. Texture profile analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray micro-computed tomography consistently demonstrated that protein hydrolysis impaired the continuity of the extruded protein network, while proximate composition was only minimally affected. Overall, these results reveal a structure–function trade-off in which enzymatic hydrolysis effectively reduces soybean allergen-related proteins but compromises protein network formation during extrusion, providing mechanistic insight into how allergen-related protein degradation through enzymatic hydrolysis influences subsequent structure formation and texture-related functionality during extrusion. • Enzymatic hydrolysis promoted protease-dependent degradation of soybean allergen-related proteins. • Major allergen-related proteins, including β-conglycinin and Gly m Bd 30K, were reduced after hydrolysis. • Protein hydrolysis significantly affected the extrusion behavior of raw soybean-based extrudates. • Structural integrity and textural properties of RSBE were altered by enzymatic pretreatment. • A trade-off was observed between allergen-related protein reduction and structural functionality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of LWT - Food Science & Technology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.lwt.2026.119392 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 1 StartPage: N.PAG Subjects: – SubjectFull: Proteolysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Soy proteins Type: general – SubjectFull: Protein structure Type: general – SubjectFull: Extrusion process Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical properties Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydrolases Type: general – SubjectFull: Surface morphology Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on allergen-related protein degradation and physicochemical properties in a raw soybean-based extrusion system. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lim, Hyewon – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cui, Shuo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Park, Sungkwon IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00236438 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 249 Titles: – TitleFull: LWT - Food Science & Technology Type: main |
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