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EFFECT OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER (GTR) PARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS ON SOLID TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS PROPERTIES.

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Title: EFFECT OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER (GTR) PARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS ON SOLID TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS PROPERTIES.
Authors: UMUNAKWE, Reginald1, UMUNAKWE, Ifeoma Janefrances2, MADUEKE, Choma Ifeyinwa1, MALOMO, Dosu2, OYETUNJI, Akinlabi3, ADEDIRAN, Adeolu Adesoji1
Source: Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara - International Journal of Engineering. Feb2026, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p135-142. 8p.
Subjects: Vulcanization, Crumb rubber, Mechanical behavior of materials, Viscosity, Rubber chemistry, Particle size distribution
Abstract: Researchers are looking at the possibility of incorporating ground tire rubber (GTR) in composite materials. This study evaluates the effect of increasing the initial mixing temperature from 60℃ to 100℃ of solid tire tread compound filled with various loading (10 and 20 phr) and particles sizes (40–mesh, 60–mesh size and 80–mesh) of GTR on the properties of rubber compounds and vulcanizates, including cure, viscoelastic and mechanical behavior. A two–step mixing technique was employed. The results indicate that the Mooney viscosity of compounds containing 40–mesh and 60–mesh GTR increased as the mixing temperature rose. The compound containing 80 mesh size GTR showed decreased viscosity as the mixing temperature increased. Results from mechanical testing suggest improvement on the mechanical properties of the solid tire tread rubber vulcanizates containing 40–mesh size and 60–mesh size GTR with increased mixing temperature, while those of the vulcanizates containing 80–mesh size GTR reduced with increased mixing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara - International Journal of Engineering is the property of University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193696748
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  Label: Title
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  Data: EFFECT OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER (GTR) PARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS ON SOLID TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS PROPERTIES.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22UMUNAKWE%2C+Reginald%22">UMUNAKWE, Reginald</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22UMUNAKWE%2C+Ifeoma+Janefrances%22">UMUNAKWE, Ifeoma Janefrances</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MADUEKE%2C+Choma+Ifeyinwa%22">MADUEKE, Choma Ifeyinwa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MALOMO%2C+Dosu%22">MALOMO, Dosu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22OYETUNJI%2C+Akinlabi%22">OYETUNJI, Akinlabi</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ADEDIRAN%2C+Adeolu+Adesoji%22">ADEDIRAN, Adeolu Adesoji</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+the+Faculty+of+Engineering+Hunedoara+-+International+Journal+of+Engineering%22">Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara - International Journal of Engineering</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p135-142. 8p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vulcanization%22">Vulcanization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crumb+rubber%22">Crumb rubber</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viscosity%22">Viscosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rubber+chemistry%22">Rubber chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+size+distribution%22">Particle size distribution</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Researchers are looking at the possibility of incorporating ground tire rubber (GTR) in composite materials. This study evaluates the effect of increasing the initial mixing temperature from 60℃ to 100℃ of solid tire tread compound filled with various loading (10 and 20 phr) and particles sizes (40–mesh, 60–mesh size and 80–mesh) of GTR on the properties of rubber compounds and vulcanizates, including cure, viscoelastic and mechanical behavior. A two–step mixing technique was employed. The results indicate that the Mooney viscosity of compounds containing 40–mesh and 60–mesh GTR increased as the mixing temperature rose. The compound containing 80 mesh size GTR showed decreased viscosity as the mixing temperature increased. Results from mechanical testing suggest improvement on the mechanical properties of the solid tire tread rubber vulcanizates containing 40–mesh size and 60–mesh size GTR with increased mixing temperature, while those of the vulcanizates containing 80–mesh size GTR reduced with increased mixing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara - International Journal of Engineering is the property of University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 135
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Vulcanization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crumb rubber
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Viscosity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rubber chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particle size distribution
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: EFFECT OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER (GTR) PARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS ON SOLID TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS PROPERTIES.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: UMUNAKWE, Reginald
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            NameFull: UMUNAKWE, Ifeoma Janefrances
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            NameFull: MADUEKE, Choma Ifeyinwa
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            NameFull: MALOMO, Dosu
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            NameFull: OYETUNJI, Akinlabi
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            NameFull: ADEDIRAN, Adeolu Adesoji
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara - International Journal of Engineering
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