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A SAR Echo Simulation Method for Ship Targets in the Sea Based on Model Segmentation and Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics Simulation.

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Title: A SAR Echo Simulation Method for Ship Targets in the Sea Based on Model Segmentation and Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics Simulation.
Authors: Ren, Feixiang1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Pengbo1,2 (AUTHOR) wangpb7966@buaa.edu.cn, Wen, Jiaquan1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Remote Sensing. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1266. 23p.
Subjects: Synthetic aperture radar, Radar cross sections, Ocean conditions (Weather), Electromagnetic wave scattering, Three-dimensional modeling, Radar targets
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? By using 3D modeling software and electromagnetic simulation software, it is possible to realize the segmentation of complex targets and the simulation of their electromagnetic scattering characteristics quickly, thereby obtaining the RCS data of targets. Given the known target RCS data, the physical working process of SAR can be simulated rapidly and completely through software algorithm, thereby enabling the simulation of SAR echo signals. What are the implications of the main findings? This study demonstrates that SAR echo simulation for ship targets in the sea can be fully achieved through software simulation and numerical calculation. In environments with complex conditions and limited software and hardware resources, SAR echo simulation can be accomplished quickly and accurately at a low cost. The simulation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) echo signals usually relies on complex hardware equipment and a large amount of scene data, which results in high costs and low efficiency. In order to simulate SAR echo signals of ship targets in the sea quickly and accurately in complex environments at a lower cost, this paper proposes a SAR echo simulation method based on model segmentation and electromagnetic scattering characteristic simulation. This method first implements the simulation of sea models under different sea conditions based on PM wave spectrum model and the Monte Carlo method, and segments them according to the requirements of simulation resolution. Then, it uses Python API 3.11 in Blender 4.5 to segment the ship model automatically and optimize the visible surface elements and mesh for each sub-model. Next, it uses Lua API in Feko to simulate the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of each sub-model of the sea and the ship target automatically, and obtains the required radar cross section (RCS) data of the ship target in the sea after processing. Finally, SAR echo simulation is realized through dual-channel technology. To further verify the simulation result, the chirp scaling (CS) algorithm is used for imaging processing. The results show that this method can realize SAR echo simulation of various ship targets under different sea conditions in a quick, accurate and cost-effective manner without the need for any hardware equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A SAR Echo Simulation Method for Ship Targets in the Sea Based on Model Segmentation and Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics Simulation.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ren%2C+Feixiang%22">Ren, Feixiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Pengbo%22">Wang, Pengbo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangpb7966@buaa.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wen%2C+Jiaquan%22">Wen, Jiaquan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1266. 23p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synthetic+aperture+radar%22">Synthetic aperture radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radar+cross+sections%22">Radar cross sections</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+conditions+%28Weather%29%22">Ocean conditions (Weather)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+wave+scattering%22">Electromagnetic wave scattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+modeling%22">Three-dimensional modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radar+targets%22">Radar targets</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? By using 3D modeling software and electromagnetic simulation software, it is possible to realize the segmentation of complex targets and the simulation of their electromagnetic scattering characteristics quickly, thereby obtaining the RCS data of targets. Given the known target RCS data, the physical working process of SAR can be simulated rapidly and completely through software algorithm, thereby enabling the simulation of SAR echo signals. What are the implications of the main findings? This study demonstrates that SAR echo simulation for ship targets in the sea can be fully achieved through software simulation and numerical calculation. In environments with complex conditions and limited software and hardware resources, SAR echo simulation can be accomplished quickly and accurately at a low cost. The simulation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) echo signals usually relies on complex hardware equipment and a large amount of scene data, which results in high costs and low efficiency. In order to simulate SAR echo signals of ship targets in the sea quickly and accurately in complex environments at a lower cost, this paper proposes a SAR echo simulation method based on model segmentation and electromagnetic scattering characteristic simulation. This method first implements the simulation of sea models under different sea conditions based on PM wave spectrum model and the Monte Carlo method, and segments them according to the requirements of simulation resolution. Then, it uses Python API 3.11 in Blender 4.5 to segment the ship model automatically and optimize the visible surface elements and mesh for each sub-model. Next, it uses Lua API in Feko to simulate the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of each sub-model of the sea and the ship target automatically, and obtains the required radar cross section (RCS) data of the ship target in the sea after processing. Finally, SAR echo simulation is realized through dual-channel technology. To further verify the simulation result, the chirp scaling (CS) algorithm is used for imaging processing. The results show that this method can realize SAR echo simulation of various ship targets under different sea conditions in a quick, accurate and cost-effective manner without the need for any hardware equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/rs18091266
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 1266
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Synthetic aperture radar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radar cross sections
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean conditions (Weather)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic wave scattering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radar targets
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A SAR Echo Simulation Method for Ship Targets in the Sea Based on Model Segmentation and Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics Simulation.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ren, Feixiang
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            NameFull: Wang, Pengbo
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            NameFull: Wen, Jiaquan
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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