Assessing Ground Deformation Dynamics and Driving Mechanisms in Beijing Using Integrated Sentinel-1A and LuTan-1 InSAR Observations.
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| Title: | Assessing Ground Deformation Dynamics and Driving Mechanisms in Beijing Using Integrated Sentinel-1A and LuTan-1 InSAR Observations. |
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| Authors: | Huang, Zhiwei1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Fengli1,2,3 (AUTHOR) zhangfl@aircas.ac.cn, Jiao, Yanan1,3 (AUTHOR), Yuan, Junna1 (AUTHOR), Yuan, Jingwen1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xiaochen1,3 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1274. 32p. |
| Subjects: | Land subsidence, Radar interferometry, Groundwater remediation, Aquifer storage recovery, Anthropogenic effects on nature, Soil mechanics, Artificial satellites |
| Geographic Terms: | Beijing (China), China |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? The monitoring accuracy of China's L-band LuTan-1 satellite in complex urban environments was validated against leveling data, achieving an RMSE of 3.81 mm/a. LuTan-1 shows slightly better agreement with the leveling data relative to Sentinel-1A, which recorded an RMSE of 4.853 mm/a. Unraveled a dual-drive deformation mode characterized by regional hydrogeological rebound with an elastic skeletal storativity of 4.39 × 10−3 versus localized anthropogenic disturbance. What is the implication of the main finding? Confirming LuTan-1 satellite's high-precision deformation monitoring capabilities provides reliable data support for urban deformation monitoring. By analyzing groundwater-driven and urbanization and anthropogenic deformation, this study offers a scientific framework for establishing sustainable groundwater extraction thresholds and optimizing urban spatial planning to mitigate subsidence risks. Ground deformation monitoring is pivotal for enhancing urban resilience and mitigating geohazards. This study presents a synergistic monitoring framework integrating 26 Sentinel-1A (C-band) and 16 LuTan-1 (L-band) SAR scenes acquired between December 2023 and August 2025 to characterize the deformation dynamics in Beijing. Utilizing SBAS-InSAR, we first established a regional deformation baseline using Sentinel-1A observations, identifying critical subsidence and uplift zones in the eastern plains. Subsequently, high-resolution (3 m) LT-1 data were leveraged to achieve refined spatiotemporal characterization of these deformation hotspots. Validation against ground leveling benchmarks confirmed that both satellites yield high accuracy. LuTan-1 (RMSE = 3.810 mm/a) shows slightly better agreement with the ground leveling data than Sentinel-1A (RMSE = 4.853 mm/a). Analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns derived from InSAR revealed that the study area is characterized by widespread gene uplift (averaging ~10 mm/a), interspersed with acute localized subsidence exceeding 40 mm/a. Correlation analysis demonstrates a high spatiotemporal coupling between the extent and rate of surface uplift and groundwater level recovery. To further investigate these dynamics, Terzaghi's effective stress principle is employed to quantify the contribution of groundwater level fluctuations to the observed surface deformation. A Parametric Harmonic Model was implemented to decouple elastic and trend components, and attribution analysis confirms that the continuous recovery of groundwater levels is the fundamental driver of the regional surface uplift. The inverted elastic skeletal storativity (Ske), ranging from 1.587 × 10−3 to 9.184 × 10−3, reveals that regional surface uplift is predominantly driven by the elastic rebound of aquifer systems following groundwater recovery. In contrast, localized subsidence anomalies observed at large-scale engineering construction sites, landfill facilities, major expressway corridors, and high-density residential areas are independent of groundwater fluctuations, instead they are primarily attributed to anthropogenic stressors. This study elucidates a dual-drive mechanism, which comprising macroscopic hydrogeological rebound and localized anthropogenic disturbance, providing a robust scientific basis for differentiated urban hazard management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? The monitoring accuracy of China's L-band LuTan-1 satellite in complex urban environments was validated against leveling data, achieving an RMSE of 3.81 mm/a. LuTan-1 shows slightly better agreement with the leveling data relative to Sentinel-1A, which recorded an RMSE of 4.853 mm/a. Unraveled a dual-drive deformation mode characterized by regional hydrogeological rebound with an elastic skeletal storativity of 4.39 × 10−3 versus localized anthropogenic disturbance. What is the implication of the main finding? Confirming LuTan-1 satellite's high-precision deformation monitoring capabilities provides reliable data support for urban deformation monitoring. By analyzing groundwater-driven and urbanization and anthropogenic deformation, this study offers a scientific framework for establishing sustainable groundwater extraction thresholds and optimizing urban spatial planning to mitigate subsidence risks. Ground deformation monitoring is pivotal for enhancing urban resilience and mitigating geohazards. This study presents a synergistic monitoring framework integrating 26 Sentinel-1A (C-band) and 16 LuTan-1 (L-band) SAR scenes acquired between December 2023 and August 2025 to characterize the deformation dynamics in Beijing. Utilizing SBAS-InSAR, we first established a regional deformation baseline using Sentinel-1A observations, identifying critical subsidence and uplift zones in the eastern plains. Subsequently, high-resolution (3 m) LT-1 data were leveraged to achieve refined spatiotemporal characterization of these deformation hotspots. Validation against ground leveling benchmarks confirmed that both satellites yield high accuracy. LuTan-1 (RMSE = 3.810 mm/a) shows slightly better agreement with the ground leveling data than Sentinel-1A (RMSE = 4.853 mm/a). Analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns derived from InSAR revealed that the study area is characterized by widespread gene uplift (averaging ~10 mm/a), interspersed with acute localized subsidence exceeding 40 mm/a. Correlation analysis demonstrates a high spatiotemporal coupling between the extent and rate of surface uplift and groundwater level recovery. To further investigate these dynamics, Terzaghi's effective stress principle is employed to quantify the contribution of groundwater level fluctuations to the observed surface deformation. A Parametric Harmonic Model was implemented to decouple elastic and trend components, and attribution analysis confirms that the continuous recovery of groundwater levels is the fundamental driver of the regional surface uplift. The inverted elastic skeletal storativity (Ske), ranging from 1.587 × 10−3 to 9.184 × 10−3, reveals that regional surface uplift is predominantly driven by the elastic rebound of aquifer systems following groundwater recovery. In contrast, localized subsidence anomalies observed at large-scale engineering construction sites, landfill facilities, major expressway corridors, and high-density residential areas are independent of groundwater fluctuations, instead they are primarily attributed to anthropogenic stressors. This study elucidates a dual-drive mechanism, which comprising macroscopic hydrogeological rebound and localized anthropogenic disturbance, providing a robust scientific basis for differentiated urban hazard management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 20724292 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/rs18091274 |
